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美国CPA考前复习:所得税会计

普通 来源:正保会计网校 2014-08-25

  为了帮助广大学员备战2014年美国cpa考试,网校论坛学员精心为大家分享美国cpa考试科目里的重要知识点,希望能够提升您的备考效果,祝您学习愉快

  Income taxes allocation

  Intraperiod:income taxes allocate to different lines of F/S,but in same year

  Interperiod:income taxes allocate to different year.

  Interperiod allocation prequel

  Federal Tax purpose Income(TI)

  Financial accounting Income(FI)

  Normally TI≠FI

  TI–FI=Difference

  Difference=Permanent Diff+Temporary Diff

  Temporary Diff CAUSE interperiod allocation.

  Income taxes mainly allocate to Income Statement.

  Income taxes may allocate to OCI and/or stockholder‘s equity.

  Income taxes allocate to Continuing Operation is present separately.(in row)

  Income taxes allocate to other items are net with those line.(in parenthesis)

  Where does income tax go in intraperiod?

  I/S+OCI+Equity

  I/S=IDEA

  OCI=PUFER

  Equity=R.E+AOCI+……(5+1)

  A.Objective

  Q:Why need allocate income tax interperiod?

  A:Matching

  B. Difference

  TI–FI=Difference

  Difference=Permanent Diff+Temporary Diff

  Permanent difference affect Current/ NOT Deferred

  Temporary difference affect Deferred/NOT Current

  C. Comprehensive Allocation

  Temporary difference feature:TURN AROUND

  Interperiod tax allocation is applied to all temporary differences

  In F/S recognize DTL/DTA for temporary difference

  Liability Method(Balance Sheet Approach)

  D. Accounting for Interperiod Tax Allocation

  Total Income tax expense=Current + Change in Deferred

  Current= Current income tax payable on the corporate tax return(Form 1120)

  Change in Deferred=End DTA/DTL-Beg DTA/DTL

  For Permanent Difference

  Affect only income per books or taxable income,but NOT both.

  NEVER Turn around/Reverse

  Only impact “Current” taxes

  No Deferred Taxes

  Examples:Municipal bond interest.

  For Temporary Difference

  Affect both income per books or taxable income.

  Will Turn around/Reverse

  Only impact“Deferred” taxes

  No Current Taxes effect

  

  B.Deferred Tax Liabilities and Assets RECOGNITION.

  B1.Deferred Tax Liabilities (DTL)

  DTL arise/RECONGNIZE when the amount of taxes paid in the current period LESS than the amount of income tax expense in the current period.

  The 1st and 4th quadrant

  B2. Deferred Tax Assets(DTA)

  DTA arise/RECOGNIZE when the amount of taxes paid in the current period EXCEEDS the amount of income tax expense in the current period.

  The 2nd and 3rd quadrant

  B3.Valuation Allowance(Subsequent measurement)

  MLTN:More Likely Than Not,greater than 50%

  If it is MLTN that part or all of the deferred DTA will not be realized,a valuation allowance is recognized.

  C.Uncertain Tax Positions

  Firms often include an uncertain deduction or other favorable position in their tax return.

  If the position is MLTN to be accepted or sustained upon audit,then income tax expense may be reduced for some or all of the benefit.

  C1.Scope of Uncertain Tax Positions

  A tax deduction

  A decision to not file a tax return

  An allocation or shift of income between jurisdictions

  A decision to exclude reporting taxable income,in a tax return

  A decision to classify transaction etc. as tax exempt.

  C2.Two-step Approach

  Step 1–Recognition of the Tax Benefit

  If MLTN test failed,then NOT recognize tax benefit,and the F/S tax Expense is increased.

  Step II–Measurement of the Tax Benefit

  Recognize the largest amount of the tax benefit that MLTN of being realized upon ultimate settlement with the taxing authority.

  D.Enacted Tax Rate

  Measurement of deferred taxes is based on the applicable tax rate.

  Use the tax rate in effect when temporary difference reverses itself.

  E.Treatment of and Adjustment for changes

  Changes are recognized in the period of change(enactment)(prospective)

  F.Net Temporary Adjustment

  Deferred Income Tax expense/benefit=Ending balance of DTL/DTA-Beginning balance of DTL/DTA

  G.Balance Sheet Presentation

  Rule1.Deferred tax items should be classified based on the classification of the related asset or liability for the financial reporting.(血统论)

  Rule2.Deferred tax items not related to an asset or liability should be classified based on the expected reversal date of the temporary difference.(NOL)

  Rule3.Current DTL net with current DTA;non-current DTL net with non-current DTA.(门阀制)

  Rule4.Valuation allowance allocated pro rata

  Net Operating loss carry back 2 years or forward twenty years.

  A.Tax carryback create a tax benefit,and should be recognized in the period they occur.

  B.If an operating loss is carried forward,the tax effects are recognized to the extent that the benefit is MLTN to be realized.

  Valuation allowance may be necessary.

  Dividend received deduction based on upon the percentage of ownership

  0-19%,70% exclusion

  20-80%,80% exclusion

  Over 80%,100% exclusion

  Temporary Diff=Undistributed Earnings X(1- DRD%)

  A.Balance Sheet Disclosures

  The components of a net DTL/DTA

  The net change during the year in the total valuation allowance.

  B.Income Statement Disclosures.

  The amount of income tax expenses(or benefit)allocated to continuing operations and the amount separately allocated to other items must be deisclosed.

  Current tax expense or benefit

  Deferred tax expense or benefit

  ……

  Benefit of NOL carryforwards.

  …。

  A.Method

  Asset and liability approach–balance sheet approach

  B.Difference

  Permanent

  Temporary

  DTL

  DTA

  Valuation Allowance

  C.Measurement

  Use applicable enacted tax rates

  Classifiction

  Balance Sheet Related

  Classify according to the related asset or liability causing the temporary difference

  Non-balance Sheet Related

  Classify based upon the expected reversal or benefit period.

  Netting/Offseting

  Current(asset and liability)must be netted.

  Noncurrent(asset and liability)must be netted.

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  注:本文为正保会计网校原创,版权属正保会计网校所有,未经授权,不得转载。

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