美接受救助九家银行大发红包(Nine Lenders That Got Aid Paid Out $33B In Bonuses)

　　尽管美国银行业蒙受的巨额亏损让美国陷入了经济动荡，但9家收到政府救助资金的银行去年共发放了近330亿美元的奖金，其中近5，000名员工的个人奖金数额超过了100万美元。

　　库莫纽约州总检察长库莫（Andrew Cuomo）周四公布的这个数据让人们难得地了解到了华尔街的薪酬文化，在这里高层雇员收入的90%甚至更多都来自于年终奖。

　　326亿美元的奖金额比加州的预算赤字高出了三分之一。9家银行中有6家银行的奖金数额超过了它们的利润。在这些银行中，每270名员工就有一人的奖金超过了100万美元。

　　库莫的报告说，这9家银行2008年的总薪酬和福利比2007年的1，493亿美元下降了11%，为1，335亿美元。但随着收入的下滑，薪酬占企业收入的百分比却从2007年的41%上升到了去年的45%.

　　这份报告重新燃起了国会内外长期压抑的对华尔街高薪的怒火。这9家公司2008年的总亏损接近1，000亿美元。这将金融体系推到了崩溃的边缘，令美国政府通过问题资产救助计划向这些企业注入了1，750亿美元资金。

　　华尔街今年并未表现出多少减薪的迹象。高盛集团（Goldman Sachs Group Inc.）和摩根士丹利（Morgan Stanley）最近披露，迄今为止它们已分别划拨了110亿和60亿美元作为员工的薪酬和福利金。高盛第二季度的业绩是有史以来最好的。摩根士丹利连续第三季度出现了亏损。

　　高盛和摩根士丹利对这份报告不予置评。

　　与此同时，包括花旗集团（Citigroup Inc.）和美国银行（Bank of America Corp.）在内的一些得到政府救助的大银行都提供了可观的薪酬，以吸引高级人才。花旗银行共得到了9家银行获得的总救助资金的约25%，它的一位高管的薪酬也排在第一位。据一位政府官员称，负责花旗集团能源交易子公司Phibro LLC的霍尔（Andrew Hall）在2008年的收入为9，890万美元。相比之下，花旗集团首席执行长潘伟迪（Vikram Pandit）去年的收入超过了3，800万美元。

　　据一位政府官员表示，去年这九家银行中，奖金排名第二的是美国银行高管蒙塔格（Thomas Montag）获得的3，940万美元。2008年，蒙塔格是美林的销售和交易部门主管。去年美林遭受了数十亿美元的抵押贷款相关损失，最后被迫出售给了美国银行。蒙塔格的薪酬包括了股票授予，但这些股票此后价值急剧缩水。

　　美国银行表示，美林的奖金是3万名员工分享，而美国银行的奖金数额涉及到20多万名员工。

　　这份报告发现，尽管收入下滑，但银行薪酬仍然接近此前水平。2008年美林净业务收入减少了230亿美元，导致出现巨额净亏损。调查发现，美林的薪酬和福利减少了11亿美元，降幅为7%.花旗集团去年收入下滑了280亿美元，降幅为34%；而薪酬和福利下滑了20亿美元，降幅6%.

　　类似的，高盛和摩根大通去年薪酬下滑幅度也明显低于收入降幅。两家公司都偿还了从问题资产救助计划获得的政府贷款。摩根大通拒绝对这一报告置评。

　　报告显示，2008年华尔街最大的三家券商高盛、摩根士丹利和美林总计支付了将近130亿美元奖金。据监管文件显示，三家公司去年薪酬和福利总额是380亿美元，奖金大约相当于三分之一。

　　在薪酬超百万的员工数量中，摩根大通占据首位；该公司总计224，961名员工中，有1，626名员工薪酬超过100万美元。但摩根大通的这一数据包括了奖金、工资和期权；调查中其他银行的数据只包括奖金。

　　摩根大通挣的最多的员工去年拿到了2，900万美元，超过了该公司首席执行长戴蒙（James Dimon），戴蒙去年的薪酬总计1970万美元。

　　在人均奖金方面，高盛排名第一，其30，067名员工人均奖金大约是16万美元。高盛有212名银行家奖金超过300万美元。高盛在信贷危机中的处境好于大多数竞争对手，去年实现利润23亿美元，人均收入77，228美元，排名榜首。

　　高盛表示，该公司没有合伙人的现金奖金超过222，500美元。其余部分是以延期付息股份支付的，需要再效力一年才能获得。

　　摩根士丹利有428名员工奖金超过100万美元。此外，有10名员工的奖金超过1，000万美元，他们的奖金总计1.468亿美元。

　　这九家银行中还包括了富国银行（Wells Fargo）、纽约银行（Bank of New York Mellon）和道富银行（State Street）。这三家银行均拒绝对此置评。

　　Nine banks that received government aid money paid out bonuses of nearly $33 billion last year —— including more than $1 million apiece to nearly 5，000 employees —— despite huge losses that plunged the U.S. into economic turmoil.

　　The data， released Thursday by New York Attorney General Andrew Cuomo， provide a rare window into the pay culture of Wall Street， where top employees typically make 90% or more of their compensation in year-end bonuses.

　　The $32.6 billion in bonuses is one-third larger than California's budget deficit. Six of the nine banks paid out more in bonuses than they received in profit. One in every 270 employees at the banks received more than $1 million.

　　Overall compensation and benefits at the nine banks fell 11%， to $133.5 billion in 2008 from $149.3 billion in 2007， the Cuomo report said. But with net revenues falling， the percentage of the firms' revenues dedicated to compensation rose to 45% last year from 41% in 2007.

　　The report reignites long-simmering anger， on Capitol Hill and beyond， over big Wall Street payouts. The nine firms in the report had combined 2008 losses of nearly $100 billion. That helped push the financial system to the brink， leading the government to inject $175 billion into the firms through its Troubled Asset Relief Program.

　　Wall Street has shown little sign of slowing down the pay train this year. Goldman Sachs Group Inc. and Morgan Stanley recently disclosed that they have set aside $11 billion and $6 billion in compensation and benefits， respectively， for their employees so far this year. Goldman's second quarter was among its best ever. Morgan Stanley lost money for its third straight quarter.

　　Goldman and Morgan Stanley declined to comment on the report.

　　Meanwhile， some big banks that received government bailouts， including Citigroup Inc. and Bank of America Corp.， are offering handsome pay packages to lure stars. Citigroup —— which received about 25% of the aid going to the nine banks —— has the No. 1 pay recipient. Andrew Hall， who heads Citigroup's energy-trading unit Phibro LLC， received $98.9 million in 2008， according to a government official. Citigroup CEO Vikram Pandit， by comparison， received more than $38 million last year.

　　The group of nine's No. 2 bonus for last year， according to a government official， was the $39.4 million that went to Bank of America's Thomas Montag. In 2008， Mr. Montag was sales and trading chief at Merrill Lynch， which got crushed by billions of dollars in mortgage-related losses and was sold to Bank of America. Mr. Montag's pay package included stock grants， which since have fallen in value.

　　Bank of America said bonuses for Merrill Lynch were shared among 30，000 employees and Bank of America's figures cover more than 200，000 employees.

　　The study found that pay at the banks remained near previous levels despite revenue declines. Merrill's net revenue fell by $23 billion in 2008， leading to a huge net loss. The firm's pay and benefits dropped by $1.1 billion， or 7%， according to the study. At Citigroup， revenue fell by $28 billion， or 34%. Pay and benefits dropped $2 billion， or 6%.

　　Similarly， at Goldman and J.P. Morgan Chase & Co.， pay fell less sharply than revenue in 2008. Both firms have paid back the government loans they received under TARP. J.P. Morgan declined to comment on the report.

　　Goldman， Morgan Stanley and Merrill， Wall Street's three largest securities firms in 2008， paid nearly $13 billion in bonuses last year， the report says. That was roughly one-third of their total pay and benefits of $38 billion， according to securities filings.

　　J.P. Morgan topped other banks in the number of employees receiving $1 million or more —— 1，626 out of its 224，961 employees. This figure includes bonus， salary and options； the numbers of other banks in the study includes bonuses only.

　　J.P. Morgan's top earner collected $29 million， more than James Dimon， the firm's chief executive， who got $19.7 million in total compensation last year.

　　Goldman paid the most per employee， about $160，000 each for more than 30，067 staffers. Some 212 Goldman bankers made $3 million or more. Goldman， which weathered the credit crisis better than most rivals and made $2.3 billion in 2008， produced the most revenue per employee， $77，228.

　　Goldman has said that no partner got a bonus of more than $222，500 in cash. The rest was paid in deferred stock， with an extra year of service required for any of it to vest.

　　Morgan Stanley had 428 employees who received bonuses of $1 million or more. In addition， 10 people received bonuses of $10 million or more， for a combined $146.8 million.

　　Wells Fargo & Co.， Bank of New York Mellon Corp. and State Street Corp. round out the nine banks. Each declined to comment.