2019年美国注册会计师（USCPA）考试已经开始，你是不是已经开始全力备考了呢？为帮助广大学员轻松学习，高效备考，正保会计网校USCPA教学团队特别为学员总结了《财务会计与报告 FAR》的高频考点：现金流——cash flow，希望可以帮助大家轻松理解这部分内容。祝您在网校学习愉快！考试顺利！
Module 2：Statement of Cash Flows（I）
1. Presentation requirements
● FS must includes Statements of CFs
● Provides information of cash receipts from and cash disbursements to by each activities
● Information of material noncash events also presents
● US. GAAP does not require disclosing cash flow per share
● IFRS does not prohibit presentation of cash flow per share
2. Cash and cash equivalents
● Cash: actual cash （i.e., currency, demand deposits）
● Cash equivalents: short-term liquid investment
● Readily convertible into certain amounts of cash
● So near maturity that the risk of changes in the value because of interest rate changes is insignificant.
e.g. treasury bills;
< 90 days original maturity period high liquid investments
Note: Bank overdraft is not cash under US. GAAP, but can be included in cash under IFRS.
要点一：
现金等价物：
- 高流动性，可快速变现（充分流通的市场）短期票据/投资
- 原始到期日（变现期限）小于90天
- 现金价值金额固定或几乎无价值变动风险
- 公司对现金等价物有明确会计政策，并在FS中充分披露
3. Cash flow statement （CFs）
Statement of CF reconcile cash & cash equivalents from beginning balance to ending balance
Composed by:
● Operating cash flows （CFO）, from transactions reported on the I/S, and current assets and current liabilities.
● Investing cash flows （CFI）, from noncurrent assets.
● Financing cash flows （CFF）, from debt （non-current liabilities） and equity.
● Cash and cash equivalent beginning balance + CFO + CFI + CFF （net increase/decrease in cash）
= cash and cash equivalent ending balance
● Methods of Edit CFO
– The direct method （encourage）
– The indirect method
Direct / Indirect method only different on CFO
The CFI & CFF are the same.
4. Direct method
Convert each major item on I/S into cashable ones
● Present major classes of CFO
e.g. cash received from customer, cash paid to suppliers and employees
● Noncash items do not appear
e.g. Depreciation, amortization, depletion, equity method income
● Reconciliation of NI to CFO is required as a separate schedule under U.S. GAAP.
要点二：
Major CFO items calculation
公式：各项损益表经营性项目+/- 资产负债表项目变化
1） Cash received from customers
= Revenue …………………………Accrual basis
– Receivable increase
+ Receivable decrease
+ Increase in unearned revenue
– Decrease in unearned revenue
2） Cash paid to suppliers
= Cost of goods sold…………………Accrual basis
+ Inventory increase
- Inventory decrease
- AP increase
+ AP decrease
3） Cash paid to employees
= Salaries and wages payable……………Accrual basis
- Wages payable increase
+ Wages payable decrease
4） Other operating cash payments
= Other operating expenses………………Accrual basis
+ Prepaid expense increase
- Prepaid expense decrease
+ Accrued liabilities decrease
- Accrued liabilities increase
Module 2：Statement of Cash Flows（II）
5. Indirect method
■ 5-1 CFO
● Debit balance accounts:
AR, Inventory, Prepaid expense, DTA
● Credit balance accounts :
AP, accrued expense, unearned revenue, DTL
● Non cash expense :
Depreciation , amortization, depletion, allowance/ provision，goodwill impairment
● Non cash income:
Income by payment of property, service, securities, COD.
● None operating Gain/Loss
Remove and analyze actual net receipt from CFO to CFI
e.g. Gain/loss from sales of PP&E or land, should be removed from NI, instead report in CFI the full proceeds received from sales of PP&E or land.
Undistributed earned on entity investment, removed from NI. Report actual dividends received in CFO.
要点三 经营净现金流间接法计算
● 净利润为起点，调整非现金收支和非经营项目
● 非现金收入主要考虑非现金对价的收入, 如对价为实物资产，股权，证券，COD 等
● 非现金支出主要考虑：1）折旧摊销等为满足匹配原则的长期成本回收项目2）为满足谨慎性原则的准备和减值项目
● 将长期资产购置处置，股权投资购置，收益及处置，和融资内容调整至CFI , CFF ，并将其中的非现金部分单独补充说明
● Timing difference 经营性净收入口径由Accrual basis 调整为 Cash basis
调整资产和负债中应计（收现延迟），和预提（付现延迟）项目，及预收（收现提前）和预付（付现提前）项目，以流动性项目为主
● 部分非现金及资产负债项目的分析
如存在坏账核销，由于坏账核销不影响当期净损益但影响AR期末数据，应在NI的非现金AR调整中剔除
债券溢价或折价发行时，cash paid for interest 应考虑损益表项目利息费用 +/- 债券溢价/ 折价的摊销
e.g. Amortization of bond discount has to be added back to net income to get the CFO. （interest paid is in CFO）
利息资本化和非资本化的内容分别计算，资本化部分CFI，非资本化部分CFO
当期折旧费用可以通过B/S累计折旧/净值的变化，剔除PP&E购置或处置带来的折旧/净值变化因素得到。
■ 5-2 CFI
Purchase or sale of non-current assets
e.g. PP&E, Finance assets （available-for-sale, held-to-maturity）, acquiring other entity under acquisition method, loan principle outflow/inflow
■ 5-3 CFF
Transactions regarding non-current liabilities and equity
e.g. Issue stock, bonds, notes, dividends, repurchase, repay principle，treasury stock transaction （note: receipt dividends & interest, paying interest are CFO; Paying dividend are CFF）
■ 5-4 Noncash Invest and Finance activities
要点四：非现金投资和融资行为单独披露，分项说明
Supplemental schedule on noncash investing or financing as they may impact significantly future CF
e.g. Purchase PP&E or entity by issuing stock, notes, or by COD.
● Conversion bond to equity, preferred share to common share as financing activity（从负债转为权益项目）
● Capital lease obligation for acquiring assets
● Noncash assets exchange
要点五 所得税和利息单独披露要求
● Allocation specifically related with investing or financing taxes to CFI/CFF is allowable in IFRS, tax paid separately present in CF is required.
● US GAAP requires income taxes paid and interests paid （ net of amounts capitalized ） be separately presented in CF statement as CFO items, direct method, or disclosed in supplemental disclosure, indirect method
● Cash flow per share should not be reported on the statement of CF under U.S. GAAP, because it may be misleading and may be incorrectly used as a measure of profitability.
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