首页 > 美国注册会计师 > 复习指导 > 考点辅导
  • 美国CPA考试FAR高频考点讲解:现金流 Cash Flow

    普通 来源:正保会计网校 2019-02-22

    2019年美国注册会计师USCPA)考试已经开始,你是不是已经开始全力备考了呢?为帮助广大学员轻松学习,高效备考,正保会计网校USCPA教学团队特别为学员总结了《财务会计与报告 FAR》的高频考点:现金流——cash flow,希望可以帮助大家轻松理解这部分内容。祝您在网校学习愉快!考试顺利!

    现金流

    Module 2:Statement of Cash Flows(I)

    1. Presentation requirements

    ● FS must includes Statements of CFs

    ● Provides information of cash receipts from and cash disbursements to by each activities

    ● Information of material noncash events also presents

    ● US. GAAP does not require disclosing cash flow per share

    ● IFRS does not prohibit presentation of cash flow per share

    2. Cash and cash equivalents

    ● Cash: actual cash (i.e., currency, demand deposits)

    ● Cash equivalents: short-term liquid investment

    ● Readily convertible into certain amounts of cash

    ● So near maturity that the risk of changes in the value because of interest rate changes is insignificant.

    e.g. treasury bills;

    < 90 days original maturity period high liquid investments

    Note: Bank overdraft is not cash under US. GAAP, but can be included in cash under IFRS.

    要点一:

    现金等价物:

    - 高流动性,可快速变现(充分流通的市场)短期票据/投资

    - 原始到期日(变现期限)小于90天

    - 现金价值金额固定或几乎无价值变动风险

    - 公司对现金等价物有明确会计政策,并在FS中充分披露

    3. Cash flow statement (CFs)

    Statement of CF reconcile cash & cash equivalents from beginning balance to ending balance

    Composed by:

    ● Operating cash flows (CFO), from transactions reported on the I/S, and current assets and current liabilities.

    ● Investing cash flows (CFI), from noncurrent assets.

    ● Financing cash flows (CFF), from debt (non-current liabilities) and equity.

    ● Cash and cash equivalent beginning balance + CFO + CFI + CFF (net increase/decrease in cash)

    = cash and cash equivalent ending balance

    ● Methods of Edit CFO

    &ndash; The direct method (encourage)

    &ndash; The indirect method

    Direct / Indirect method only different on CFO

    The CFI & CFF are the same.

    4. Direct method

    Convert each major item on I/S into cashable ones

    ● Present major classes of CFO

    e.g. cash received from customer, cash paid to suppliers and employees

    ● Noncash items do not appear

    e.g. Depreciation, amortization, depletion, equity method income

    Reconciliation of NI to CFO is required as a separate schedule under U.S. GAAP.

    要点二:

    Major CFO items calculation

    公式:各项损益表经营性项目+/- 资产负债表项目变化

    1) Cash received from customers

    = Revenue &hellip;&hellip;&hellip;&hellip;&hellip;&hellip;&hellip;&hellip;&hellip;&hellip;Accrual basis

    &ndash; Receivable increase

    + Receivable decrease

    + Increase in unearned revenue

    &ndash; Decrease in unearned revenue

    2) Cash paid to suppliers

    = Cost of goods sold&hellip;&hellip;&hellip;&hellip;&hellip;&hellip;&hellip;Accrual basis

    + Inventory increase

    - Inventory decrease

    - AP increase

    + AP decrease

    3) Cash paid to employees

    = Salaries and wages payable&hellip;&hellip;&hellip;&hellip;&hellip;Accrual basis

    - Wages payable increase

    + Wages payable decrease

    4) Other operating cash payments

    = Other operating expenses&hellip;&hellip;&hellip;&hellip;&hellip;&hellip;Accrual basis

    + Prepaid expense increase

    - Prepaid expense decrease

    + Accrued liabilities decrease

    - Accrued liabilities increase

    Module 2:Statement of Cash Flows(II)

    5. Indirect method

    ■ 5-1 CFO

    cash flow 01

    ● Debit balance accounts:

    AR, Inventory, Prepaid expense, DTA

    ● Credit balance accounts :

    AP, accrued expense, unearned revenue, DTL

    ● Non cash expense :

    Depreciation , amortization, depletion, allowance/ provision,goodwill impairment

    ● Non cash income:

    Income by payment of property, service, securities, COD.

    ● None operating Gain/Loss

    Remove and analyze actual net receipt from CFO to CFI

    e.g. Gain/loss from sales of PP&E or land, should be removed from NI, instead report in CFI the full proceeds received from sales of PP&E or land.

    Undistributed earned on entity investment, removed from NI. Report actual dividends received in CFO.

    要点三 经营净现金流间接法计算

    ● 净利润为起点,调整非现金收支和非经营项目

    ● 非现金收入主要考虑非现金对价的收入, 如对价为实物资产,股权,证券,COD 等

    ● 非现金支出主要考虑:1)折旧摊销等为满足匹配原则的长期成本回收项目2)为满足谨慎性原则的准备和减值项目

    ● 将长期资产购置处置,股权投资购置,收益及处置,和融资内容调整至CFI , CFF ,并将其中的非现金部分单独补充说明

    ● Timing difference 经营性净收入口径由Accrual basis 调整为 Cash basis

    调整资产和负债中应计(收现延迟),和预提(付现延迟)项目,及预收(收现提前)和预付(付现提前)项目,以流动性项目为主

    ● 部分非现金及资产负债项目的分析

    如存在坏账核销,由于坏账核销不影响当期净损益但影响AR期末数据,应在NI的非现金AR调整中剔除

    债券溢价或折价发行时,cash paid for interest 应考虑损益表项目利息费用 +/- 债券溢价/ 折价的摊销

    e.g. Amortization of bond discount has to be added back to net income to get the CFO. (interest paid is in CFO)

    利息资本化和非资本化的内容分别计算,资本化部分CFI,非资本化部分CFO

    当期折旧费用可以通过B/S累计折旧/净值的变化,剔除PP&E购置或处置带来的折旧/净值变化因素得到。

    cash flow 02

    ■ 5-2 CFI

    Purchase or sale of non-current assets

    e.g. PP&E, Finance assets (available-for-sale, held-to-maturity), acquiring other entity under acquisition method, loan principle outflow/inflow

    ■ 5-3 CFF

    Transactions regarding non-current liabilities and equity

    e.g. Issue stock, bonds, notes, dividends, repurchase, repay principle,treasury stock transaction (note: receipt dividends & interest, paying interest are CFO; Paying dividend are CFF)

    ■ 5-4 Noncash Invest and Finance activities

    要点四:非现金投资和融资行为单独披露,分项说明

    Supplemental schedule on noncash investing or financing as they may impact significantly future CF

    e.g. Purchase PP&E or entity by issuing stock, notes, or by COD.

    ● Conversion bond to equity, preferred share to common share as financing activity(从负债转为权益项目)

    ● Capital lease obligation for acquiring assets

    ● Noncash assets exchange

    要点五 所得税和利息单独披露要求

    ● Allocation specifically related with investing or financing taxes to CFI/CFF is allowable in IFRS, tax paid separately present in CF is required.

    ● US GAAP requires income taxes paid and interests paid ( net of amounts capitalized ) be separately presented in CF statement as CFO items, direct method, or disclosed in supplemental disclosure, indirect method

    ● Cash flow per share should not be reported on the statement of CF under U.S. GAAP, because it may be misleading and may be incorrectly used as a measure of profitability.

    2019年USCPA考试已经开始,正保会计网校为U.S.CPA考生提供专业的教学、考务服务,更多USCPA考试信息点击这里咨询

    有意向报考的USCPA的考生赶快点击下方按钮进行免费预评估,了解USCPA报考条件吧!

    预评估

    【2019年USCPA考生须知】

    AICPA官网发布公告,2019年7月AICPA考试大纲有变,此次公告的更新,再次提醒了各位考生,USCPA考试考点与难度在不断变化,所以网校老师建议有意向报考USCPA考试的考生尽早备考,尽快参加考试!点击了解2019年USCPA考纲变化详情>>

    相关推荐

    《2019年USPCA考纲变化汇总》

    《2019年USCPA考试考前注意事项》

    《USCPA考试常见报考州报考条件汇总》

    正保会计网校U.S.CPA考试辅导正在热招

    招生方案

    本文是正保会计网校原创文章,转载请注明来自正保会计网校。

    打开APP 订阅最新报考消息

    报考指南

    今日热搜

    热点推荐

    热销好课

    畅学无忧班

    畅学无忧班

    系统学习 逐章精讲

    了解详情30000元/4科

    正价课免费试听

    USCPA免费试听

    申请购课优惠

    USCPA公众号

    截图保存到相册

    微信识别二维码

    千元大额优惠

    有奖原创征稿
    客服 首页
    取消
    复制链接,粘贴给您的好友

    复制链接,在微信、QQ等聊天窗口即可将此信息分享给朋友
    领券