“Happy Birthday to You”

　　The main problem in discussing American popular culture is also one of its main characteristics： it won't stay American. No matter what it is， whether it is films， food and fashion，music， casual sports or slang， it's soon at home elsewhere in the world.！ There are severaltheories why American popular culture has had this appeal（吸引力）。

　　One theory is that it has been “advertised” and marketed through American films， popularmusic， and more recently， television. ___（1）___ They are， after all， in competition with those produced by other countries.

　　Another theory， probably a more common one， is that American popular culture is

　　internationally associated with something called “the spirit of America.”___（2）___

　　The final theory is less complex： American popular culture is popular because a lot of peoplein the world like it.

　　Regardless of why it spreads，2 American popular culture is usually quite rapidly adopted andthen adapted in many other countries.___（3）。___ “Happy Birthday to You，” for instance， is such an everyday song that its source， its American copyright（版权）， so to speak， is not remembered. Black leather jackets worn by many heroes in American movies could be found， a generation later， on all those young men who wanted to make this manly-look their own.

　　Two areas where this continuing process is most clearly seen are clothing and music. Somepeople can still remember a time when T-shirts， jogging clothes， tennis shoes， denim（咔叽布） jackets， and blue jeans were not common daily wear everywhere. Only twenty years ago， it was possible to spot （认出）an American in Paris by his or her clothes. No longer so： those bright colors， checkered （格子图案）jackets and trousers， hats and socks which were once made fun of in cartoons（卡通片） are back again in Paris as the latest fashion. ___（4）___

　　The situation with American popular music is more complex because in the beginning， when it was still clearly American， it was often strongly resisted. Jazz was once thought to be a great danger to youth and their morals（道德）， and was actually outlawed in several countries. Today， while still showing its rather American roots， it has become so well established（普遍的）。 Rock 'n' roll and all its ariations， country & western music，4 all have more or less similar histories. They were first resisted， often in America as well， as being “low-class，” and then as “a danger to our nation's youth.” ___（5）___ And then the music became accepted and was extended and developed， and exported back to the US.

　　练习：

　　A As a result， its American origins and roots are often quickly forgotten.

　　B But this theory fails to explain why American films， music， and television programs are sopopular in themselves.

　　C American in origin， informal clothing has become the world's first truly universal style.

　　D The BBC， for example， banned rock and roll until 1962.

　　E American food has become popular around the world too.

　　F This spirit is variously described as being young and free， optimistic and confident， informaland disrespectful.

　　练习答案

　　1B 2F 3A 4C 5D