同时按下Crtl键和A键查看答案和解析| 答案： 第一部分： BACCD / CCBAB / CDABD 第二部分：BBACBAA 第三部分： BFEC / CDBA 第四部分： CDDCD / CBBDC / CCDDA 第五部分： BADCE 第六部分： BCBAD / CACDB / BCBDD |
全国专业技术人员职称英语等级考试理工类B级模拟题
第1部分：词汇选项（第1～15题，每题1分，共15分）
下面共有15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语有底横线，请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与划线部分意义最相近的词或短语。答案一律涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
1. The old concerns lose importance and some of them vanish altogether.
A) develop
B) disappear
C) linger
D) renew
2. In the United States educational system, intermediate school is the transitional phase
between the primary grades and high school.
A) stage
B) notion
C) pattern
D) alternative
3. Fluoride deters tooth decay by reducing the growth of bacteria that destroy tooth enamel.
A) facilitates
B) overwhelms
C) inhibits
D) loosens
4. The firm of Bonnin and Morris in Philadelphia was probably the first American Company to manufacture porcelain.
A) silverware
B) crystal
C) china
D) linen
5. Gunpowder was used extensively in firearms prior to 1990.
A) in
B) around
C) from
D) before
6. We packed up the things I had accumulated over the last three years and left for good.
A) close
B) near
C) past
D) final
7. The chemical is lethal to rats but safe to cattle.
A) toxic
B) harmful
C) deadly
D) contagious
8. She is very conscientious about her work.
A) worried
B) careful
C) anxious
D) nervous
9. She has consolidated her power.
A) strengthened
B) won
C) hardened
D) united
10. The drinking water is contaminated with impurities.
A) blackened
B) polluted
C) darkened
D) mixed
11. Her novel depicts a futuristic America.
A) writes
B) sketches
C) describes
D) indicates
12. He expressed concern that the ship might be in distress.
A) despair
B) difficulties
C) need
D) danger
13. They are endeavoring to change society as a whole.
A) trying
B) working
C) doing
D) making
14. Your eternal boasting annoys everyone,
A) unchangeable
B) everlasting
C) boring
D) monotonous
15. The other women seemed contented and they even exhibited their bellies with pride.
A) demonstrated
B) uncovered
C) spread
D) showed
第2部分：阅读判断（第16～22题，每题1分，共7分）
阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断。如果该句提供的是正确信息，请在答题卡上把A涂黑；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请在答题卡上把B涂黑；如果该句的信息文章中没有提及，请在答题卡上把Ｃ涂黑。
Prediction about Newspapers in the Next Century
Some time in the next century, the familiar early-morning newspaper on the front porch will disappear. And instead of reading your newspaper, it will read to you. You’ll get up and turn on the computer newspaper just like switching on the TV. An electronic voice will distribute stories about the latest events, guided by a program that selects the type of news you want. You’ll even get to choose the kind of voice you want to hear. Want more information on the story? A simple touch makes the entire text appear. Save it in your own personal computer file if you like. These are among the predictions from the communications experts working on the newspapers of the future. Pictured as part of broader home-based media and entertainment systems, computer newspapers would unite print and broadcast reporting, offering news and analysis with video images of news events.
Most of the technology is available now, but convincing more people that they didn’t need paper to read a newspaper is the next step. But resistance to computer newspapers may be stronger from within journalism (新闻界)。 Since it is such a cultural change, it may be that the present generation of journalists and publishers will have to die off before the next generation realizes that the newspaper industry is no longer a newspaper industry. Technology is making the end of traditional newspapers unavoidable.
Despite technological advance, it could take decades to replace newsprint with computer screens. It might take 30 to 40 years to complete the change over because people need to buy computers and because newspapers have established financial interests in the paper industry.
16. The best title for this passage is Newspapers Are out of Fashion.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned.
17. That computer newspapers are cheaper than traditional newspapers is not an advantage of computer newspapers.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned.
18. Though computer newspapers are very convenient, they have many disadvantages.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned.
19. Journalists are not eager to accept computer newspapers because they think the new technology is bad.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned.
20. We can infer from the passage that all technological changes are good.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned.
21. There is strong resistance from both the general population and professional journalists in renewing newspaper.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned.
22. It might take 30 to 40 years for computer newspapers to replace traditional newspapers because it is technologically impossible now.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned.
第3部分：概括大意与完成句子（第23～30题，每题1分，共8分）
阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有2项测试任务：（1）第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2～5段每段选择1个正确的小标题；（2）第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
1. The energy crunch, which is being felt around the world, has dramatized how the reckless despoiling of the earth’s resources has brought the whole world to brink of disaster. The overdevelopment of motor transport, with its spiral of more cars, more highway, more pollution, more suburbs, more commuting, has contributed to the near-destruction of our cities, the disintegration of the family, and the pollution not only of local air, but also of the earth’s atmosphere. The catastrophe has arrived in the form of the energy crunch.
2. Our present situation is unlike war, revolution or depression. It is also unlike the great natural catastrophes of the past. Worldwide resources exploitation and energy use have brought us to a state where long-range planning is crucial. What we need is not a continuation of our present perilous state, which endangers the future of our country., our children and our earth, but a movement forward to a new norm in order to work rapidly and effectively on planetary problems.
3. This country has been reeling under the continuing exposures of loss of moral integrity and the revelation that lawbreaking has reached into the highest places in the land. There is a strong demand for moral reinvigoration and for some commitment that is vast enough and yet personal enough to enlist the loyalty of all. In the past it has been only in a war in defense of their own country and their own ideals that any people have been able to invoke a total commitment.
4. This is the first time that we have been asked to defend ourselves and what we hold dear in cooperation with all the other inhabitants of this planet, who share with us the same endangered air and the same endangered oceans. There is a common need to reassess our present course, to change that course and to devise new methods through which the world can survive. This is a priceless opportunity.
5. To grasp it, we need a widespread understanding of nature of the crisis confronting us --- and the world --- a crisis that is no passing inconvenience, no by-product of the ambitions of the oil-producing countries, no figment of environmentalists’ fears, no byproduct of any present system of government. What we face is the outcome of the invention of the last four hundred years. What we need is a transformed lifestyle. This new life style can flow directly from science and technology, but its acceptance depends on an overriding commitment to a higher quality of life for the world’s children and future generation.
23. Paragraph 1 __________.
24. paragraph 2 ___________
25. Paragraph 3 __________
26. Paragraph 5 __________.
A. We are lack of financial planning.
B. We must face the catastrophe in the form of the energy crunch.
C. We should understand nature of the crisis and need a new lifestyle.
D. We must adopt a new form of government.
E. Moral reinvigoration is demanded strongly because of the high rate of lawbreaking.
F. We need a movement to solve the planetary problems.
27. The author feels that energy crisis has brought the entire world close to __________.
28. The speaker feel ________has nearly destroyed our cities.
29. ________is one example of our loss of moral integrity.
30. By comparing past problems with present ones, the speaker draws attention to the __________.
A.significance of this crisis
B.Lack of loyalty
C.destruction
D.the excessive growth of motor transportation
E. similarity of the past to the present
F.revolution
第4部分：阅读理解（第31～45题，每题3分，共45分）
下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题，每道题后面都有4个选项。请仔细阅读短文并根据短文回答其后面的问题，从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
第一篇
There are many reasons for the tidal action which is a very complicated phenomenon involving many factors all of which must be considered to predict tide in any one place at any one time. The alternate rise and fall of the surface of the seas and the ocean is mainly caused by the attractive force of the moon alone. When the attraction is great, the tide is high and conversely when the attraction is minimal, the tide is low. Between the high tide and the low tide is a period of a little over six hours, being called during its rise a flood tide and during its fall an ebb tide.
The sun also exerts its effect on the tide, being a little less than half as much as the moon, although its mass is so much greater. When the moon and the sun are horizontal, the highest high tide occurs and when they are vertical the lowest low tide takes place.
The wind also plays an important part in the modification of the normal rise and fall of the tide. Thus, these factors affect each other either detracting or adding to the attractive forces to add or subtract from the height of the tide. But the tides still move inexorable (坚决不变地) on, rising twice a day, getting a little later each day and posing a problem of correctly predicting their heights and lows.
31． According to this article, it is clear that the force of the moon _______.
A. is not as important as that of the wind
B. is less than half as much as the sun
C. causes the alternate rise and fall of the surface of the seas
D. does not influence the rise and fall of the surface of the seas
32. It can be concluded from this article that the attraction of the sun is __________.
A. more than half that of the moon
B. more than that of the moon
C. more than twice that of the moon
D. half that of the moon.
33. Which of the following factors will not affect the time of the tide?
A. The position of the sun and the moon
B. The mass of the moon
C. The wind
D. All of the above mentioned factors.
34. If the first high tide takes place at 1:00am, the next high tide will probably take place at ____.
A. 7:20am
B. 8:00am
C. 1:45pm
D. High noon
35. The principal idea of this article is _______.
A. The attraction of the sun and the moon
B. The sun, the moon and the wind
C. The changing tide
D. The factors affecting the tide.
第二篇
Putting Plants to Work
Using the power of the sun is nothing new. People have had solar-powered calculators and buildings with solar panels for decades. But plants are the real experts : They've been using sunlight as an energy source for billions of years.
Ceils in the green leaves of plants work like tiny factories to convert sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water into1 sugars and starches, stored energy that the plants can use. This conversion process is called photosynthesis. Unfortunately, unless you're a plant, it's difficult and expensive to convert sunlight into storable energy. That's why scientists are taking a closer look at exactly how plants do it.
Some scientists are trying to get plants, or biological cells that act like plants, to work as miniature photosynthetic power stations. For example, Mafia Ghirardi of the National Renewable Energy Laboratory in Golden, Colo. 2, is working with green algae3. She's trying to trick them into producing hydrogen4 instead of sugars when they perform photosynthesis. Once the researchers can get the algae working efficiently, the hydrogen that they produce could be used to power fuel
Cells in cars or to generate electricity,
The algae are grown in narrow-necked glass bottles to produce hydrogen in the lab. During photosynthesis, plants normally make sugars or starches. "But under certain conditions, a lot of algae are able to use the sunlight energy not to store starch, but to make hydrogen. " Ghirardi says. For example, algae will produce hydrogen in an air free environment. It's the oxygen in the air that prevents algae from making hydrogen most of the time.
Working in an air free environment, however, is difficult. It's not a practical way to produce cheap energy. But Ghirardi and her colleagues have discovered that by removing a chemical called sulfate from the environment that the algae grow in, they will make hydrogen instead of sugars, even when air is present.
Unfortunately, removing the sulfate also makes the algae's cells work very slowly, and not much hydrogen is produced. Still, the researchers see this as a first step in their goal to produce hydrogen efficiently from algae. With more work, they may be able to speed the cells' activity and produce larger quantities of hydrogen.
The researchers hope that algae will one day be an easy-to-use fuel source. The organisms are cheap to get and to feed, Ghirardi says, and they can grow almost anywhere: "You can grow them in a reactor, in a pond. You can grow them in the ocean. There's a lot of flexibility in how you can use these organisms. "
36. What does the writer say about plants concerning solar energy?
A） Plants are 'the real experts in producing solar energy.
B） Plants have been used to produce solar energy.
C） Plants have been using solar energy for billions of years.
D） Plants have been a source of solar energy.
37. Why do some scientists study how plants convert sunlight carbon dioxide, and water into sugars and starches?
A） Because they want algae to produce sugars and starches.
B） Because they want green plants to become a new source of energy.
C） Because they want to turn plant sugars to a new form of energy.
D） Because they want to make photosynthesis more efficient.
38. According to the fifth paragraph, under what conditions are algae able to use solar energy to make hydrogen?
A） When there is a lot of oxygen in the air.
B） When there is no oxygen in the air.
C） When photosynthesis is taking place.
D） When enough starch is stored.
39. Researchers have met with difficulties when trying to make algae produce hydrogen efficiently. Which one of the following is one such difficulty?
A） It is not possible to remove sulfate from the environment.
B） It is not possible to work in an airfree environment to produce hydrogen.
C） It is not easy to make sugars instead of hydrogen.
D） It is too slow for algae to produce hydrogen when the sulfate is removed.
40. What is NOT true of algae?
A） They are easy to grow.
B） They can be a very good fuel source.
C） They are cheap to eat.
D） They can be used in many ways.
第三篇
Batteries Built by Viruses
What do chicken pox，the common cold, the flu，and AIDS have in common? They’re all disease caused by viruses，tiny microorganisms that can pass from person to person．It's no wonder1 that when most people think about viruses, finding ways to steer clear of2 viruses is what's on people's minds．
Not everyone runs from the tiny disease carders, though3．In Cambridge, Massachusetts4, scientists have discovered that some viruses can be helpful in an unusual way．They are putting viruses to work, teaching them to build some of the world's smallest rechargeable batteries．
Viruses and batteries may seem like an unusual pair，but they're not so strange for engineer Angela Belcher，who first came up with5 the idea．At the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in Cambridge, she and her collaborators bring together different areas of science in new ways．In the case of the virus-built batteries, the scientists combine what they know about biology, technology and production techniques．
Belcher's team includes Paula Hammond，who helps put together the tiny batteries, and Yet-Ming Chiang， an expert on how to store energy in the form of a battery．“We’re working on things we traditionally don’t associate with nature．” says Hammond．
Many batteries are already pretty small．You can hold A．C and D batteries6 in your hand．The coin—like batteries that power watches are often smaller than a penny．However。every year，new electronic devices like personal music players or cell phones get smaller than the year before．As these devices shrink, ordinary batteries won't be small enough to fit inside．
The ideal battery will store a lot of energy in a small package．Right now，Belcher's model battery，a metallic disk completely built by viruses，looks like a regular watch battery．But inside，its components are very small—so tiny you can only see them with a powerful microscope．
How small are these battery parts? To get some idea of the size，pluck one hair from your head．Place your hair on a piece of white paper and try to see how wide your hair is—pretty thin，right? Although the width of each person's hair is a bit different，you could probably fit about l0 of these virus-built battery parts，side to side，across one hair．These microbatteries may change the way we look at viruses7．
41．According to the first paragraph，people try to
A．kill microorganisms related to chicken pox，the flu，etc．
B．keep themselves away from viruses because they are invisible．
C．stay away from viruses because they are causes of various diseases．
D．cure themselves of virus—related diseases by taking medicines．
42．What is Belcher's team doing at present?
A．It is finding ways to get rid of viruses．．
B．It is mass—producing microbatteries．
C．It is making batteries with viruses．
D．It is analyzing virus genes．
43．What expression below is opposite in meaning to the word "shrink" appearing in paragraph 5？
A．Broaden．
B．Spread．
C．Extend．
D．Expand：
44. Which of the following is true of Belcher's battery mentioned in paragraph 6？
A．It is made of metal．
B．It is a kind of watch battery．
C．It can only be seen with a microscope．
D．It is a metallic disk with viruses inside it．
45. How tiny is one battery part?
A．Its width is one tenth of a hair．
B．It equals the width of a hair．
C．It is as thin as a piece of paper．
D．Its width is too tiny to measure．
第5部分：补全短文（第46～50题，每题2分，共10分）
阅读下面的短文，文章中有5处空白，文章后面有6组文字，请根据文章的内容选择5组文字，将其分别放回文章原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
Stroke
A stroke occurs when the blood flow to a section of the brain stops. ___46___. This can happen in several ways, but in most cases the arteries leading the brain are first narrowed by deposits of cholesterol and other fats. ___47___. Deposits on vessel walls can also become so thick that they cut off blood flow altogether. In about 15 percent of strokes a weak wall of a cranial vessel bursts, causing bleeding into the brain.
___48____. “ Absolutely,” says Dr. J. Philip Kistler, a neurologist at Massachusetts General Hospital in Boston, “ the first line of defense is control of blood pressure.” Consistent hypertension can lead to arteriosclerosis --- thickening of the walls of the arteries. ___49____. Kistler’s advice: “ Have your blood pressure checked professionally at least once a year and if it is above normal, following your doctor’s advice.”. ____50____. In other cases, it will require antihypertensive pills.
A. Can stroke be prevented ?
B. This may mean just a change in diet ---- usually salt and fat restriction along with weight loss, if needed, and more exercises.
C. It requires salt and fat.
D. Brain cells in the area lose their source of energy and within minutes begin to die.
E. Smoking, obesity and a cholesterol-rich diet speed up this dangerous process.
F. Then, a blood clot breaks from these deposits or an embolus travels from elsewhere in the body, either blocking the already narrowed spot or escaping to plug another blood vessel in the brain.
第6部分：完形填空（第51～65题，每题1分，共15分）
阅读下面的短文，文中有15处空白，每处空白给出了4个选项，请根据短文的内容从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案，涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
Smoking Can Increase Depressive Symptoms in Teens
While some teenagers may puff on cigarettes to "self-medicate自我疗法" against the blues，scientists at the University of Toronto1 and the University of Montreal2 have found that smoking may actually —51—depressive symptoms in some teens.“This observational study is one of the few to examine the perceived —52—benefits of smoking among teens,” says lead researcher Michael Chaiton，a research associate3 at the Ontario Tobacco Research Unit of the University of Toronto．“—53—cigarettes may appear to have self-medicating —54—or to improve mood，in the long term4 we found that teens who started to smoke reported5 higher depressive symptoms.”
As part of the study，some 662 high school teenagers completed up to 20 questionnaires —55—their use of cigarettes to affect mood．Secondary schools were selected to provide a mix of French and English participants，urban and rural schools，and schools —56— in high, moderate and low socioeconomic neighbourhoods6．Participants were divided into three —57—: never smokers；smokers who did not use cigarettes to self-medicate，improve mood or physical —58—；smokers who used cigarettes to self-medicate．Depressive symptoms were measured using a scale that asked how often participants felt too fired to do things：had —59—going to sleep or staying —60—；felt unhappy，sad，or depressed；felt hopeless about the future；felt vexed，antsy or tense；and worried too much about things．"Smokers who used cigarettes as mood —61—had higher risks of elevated depressive symptoms than teens who had never smoked," says co-researcher Jennifer Loughlin，a professor at the University of Montreal Department of Social and Preventive Medicine7．"0ur study found that teen smokers who reported emotional benefits from smoking are at higher risk of —62—depressive symptoms."
The —63—between depression and smoking exists —64—一among teens that use cigarettes to feel better．"It’s —65—to emphasize that depressive symptom scores were higher among teenagers who reported emotional benefits from smoking after they began to smoke," says Dr．Chaiton．
51．A examineB increase C decrease D diagnose
52．A social B financial C emotional D political
53．A Whatever B Although C Whenever D what
54．A effects B methods C steps D directions
55．A beside B beyond C in D about
56．A exposed B expanded C located D detected
57．A groups B sets C species D versions
58．A world B activity C state D beauty
59．A time B courage C energy D trouble
60．A asleep B awake C still D silent
61．A reducers B improvers C creators D removers
62．A changing B identifying C developing D overcoming
63．A difference B association C cooperation D agreement
64．A occasionally B scarcely C probably D principally
65．A illogical B unscientific C meaningless D important
同时按下Crtl键和A键查看答案和解析