"morality" exercise:Diligence and a Reasonable Basis
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Questions 1:
Florence Zuelekha, CFA, is an equity portfolio manager at Grid Equity Management (GEM), a firm specializing in commodities. Zuelekha, who previously focused on alternative energy, recently attends her first commodity conference, sponsored in large part by GEM. Independent industry experts argued that commodities would increase in value and recommended that investors hold at least 10% of their portfolio assets in commodities based on consistent increases in their values over the previous two years. Without doing any additional research, Zuelekha recommends to all her clients an immediate allocation of 5% of their portfolio into commodities. Over the next few weeks, Zuelekha moves her own portfolio to a 10% commodity allocation. Which of the CFA Standards did Zuelekha most likely violate?
A 、Priority of Transactions.
B、 Independence and Objectivity.
C 、Diligence and a Reasonable Basis.
Questions 2:
Charles Mbuwanga, a Level 3 CFA Candidate, is the Business Development Manager for Sokoza Investment Group, an investment management firm with high-net-worth retail clients throughout Africa. Sokoza introduced listed Kenyan Real Estate Investment Trusts (REITs) to its line of investment products based on new regulations introduced in Kenya so as to diversify its product offering to clients. The product introduction comes after months of researching Kenyan property correlations with other property markets and asset classes in Africa. Sokoza assigns Mbuwanga as part of the sales team in introducing this product to its clients across Africa. Mbuwanga subsequently determines that most of Sokoza’s clients’ portfolios would benefit from having a small Kenyan property exposure to help diversify their investment portfolios. By promoting the Kenyan REITS for Sokoza’s client portfolios as planned, Mbuwanga would least likely violate which of the following Standards?
A 、Suitability
B、 Knowledge of the Law
C、 Independence and Objectivity
C is correct, as Standard (V)–Diligence and a Reasonable Basis requires members and candidates to have a reasonable and adequate basis, supported by appropriate research and investigation, for any investment analysis, recommendation, or action. Relying solely upon attendance at a one-day conference listening to industry experts to make an investment recommendation, especially when the industry experts have based their recommendations upon price data only, would not meet the requirements of the Code and Standards with regard to Diligence and a Reasonable Basis.
A is incorrect because there has not been a violation of this standard.
B is incorrect, as even though the portfolio manager has allocated a portion of her portfolio to an asset class she recommended for clients there has not been a violation of this Standard since the manager has not front run any of her clients.
C is correct because there is no indication Mbuwanga’s recommendation is based on any compensation package based on sales targets as being part of the sales team. If he had a sales target as part of his responsibility to promote the new product, it could be conceived his independence and objectively was in question. Mbuwanga does however seem to be in violation of Standard III(C)–Suitability in that while research with regard to correlation was undertaken, an analysis based on each individual client’s return and risk objectives was not done. He may also be in violation of Standard I(A)–Knowledge of Law in that he would need to determine if the Kenyan REIT product is allowable in each of the countries where his clients reside.
A is incorrect because while research with regard to correlation was undertaken, an analysis based on each individual clients’ return and risk objectives was not done.
B is incorrect as the new REIT products are being recommended to all clients based on new regulations introduced in Kenya. Mbuwanga may be in violation of Standard I(A)– Knowledge of the Law depending on the rules and regulations in each of the African countries where his clients reside if those regulations do not allow investments outside of the country and/or in this investment type.
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