对于想考CFA的金融小白们，一些金融常识大家要了解！CFA考试难主要在于它是全英文考试，对于母语是汉语的我们来讲，这本身就是一个挑战。小编总结了30个CFA考生必知的金融词汇，赶紧来看看！
1.Financial reporting: refers to the way companies show their financial performance to investors, creditors, and other interested parties by preparing and presenting financial statements.
2. Operating cash flows: the cash effects of transactions that involve the normal business of the firm.
3. Investing cash flows: those resulting from the acquisition or sale of property, plant, and equipment; of a subsidiary or segment; of securities; and of investments in other firms.
4. Financing cash flows: those resulting from issuance or retirement of the firm's debt and equity securities and include dividends paid to stockholders.
5. Non-sovereign governments: issued by government entities that are not national governments, such as the state of California or the city of Toronto.
6. Supranational entities: Issued by organizations that operate globally such as the World Bank, the European Investment Bank, and the International Monetary Fund (IMF).
7. Money market securities: bonds with original maturities of one year or less.
8. Capital market securities: bonds with original maturities of more than one year.
9. Zero-coupon bonds: bonds pay no interest prior to maturity.
10. Real estate investments: include residential or commercial properties as well as real estate backed debt.
11. Commodities: To gain exposure to changes in commodities prices, investors can own physical commodities, commodities derivatives, or the equity of commodity producing firms.
12. Infrastructure: long-lived assets that provide public services.
13. Angel investing: investments made very early in a firm's life, often the “idea” stage, and the investment funds are used for business plans and assessing market potential.
14. Residential property: a direct investment in real estate.
15. Merger arbitrage: Buy the shares of a firm being acquired and sell short the firm making the acquisition.
16. Debt securities: promises to repay borrowed funds.
17. Equity securities: represent ownership positions.
18. Public (publicly traded) securities: traded on exchanges or through securities dealers and are subject to regulatory oversight.
19. Private securities: securities that are not traded in public markets.
20. Physical derivative contracts: derive their values from the values of physical assets such as gold, oil, and wheat.
21. Money markets: markets for securities with maturities of one year or less.
22. Capital markets: markets for longer-term debt securities and equity securities that have no specific maturity date.
23. Warrants: similar to options in that they give the holder the right to buy a firm's equity shares (usually common stock) at a fixed exercise price prior to the warrant's expiration.
24. Exchanges: provide a venue where traders can meet. Exchanges sometimes act as brokers by providing electronic order matching.
25. Alternative trading systems (ATS): serve the same trading function as exchanges but have no regulatory function.
26. A contingent claim: a claim (to a payoff) that depends on a particular event.
27. Forward contract: one party agrees to buy and the counterparty to sell a physical or financial asset at a specific price on a specific date in the future.
28. American options: may be exercised at any time up to and including the contract's expiration date.
29. European options: can be exercised only on the contract's expiration date.
30. Endowment: a fund that is dedicated to provide financial support on an ongoing basis for a specific purpose.
CFA考试有一定的难度，对于小白考生，了解一些金融常识和金融词汇是非常必要的。
想成为行业所需高端人才，必须要让自身能够得到提升，2021年CFA考试已经向你挥手了，要抓住每分每秒提升自己能力的机会。
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