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A deferred outflow of resources is a consumption of net assets that is applicable to a future reporting period.
Deferred outflows of resources have a positive effect on net position and are reported following assets but before liabilities.
A deferred inflow of resources is an acquisition of net assets that is applicable to a future reporting period.
Deferred inflow of resources have a negative effect on net position and are reported following liabilities but before equity.
Presentation of statements of financial position
Governmental fund balance：（Assets+Deferred outflows of resources=Liabilities+Deferred inflows of resources+Fund Balance
Government-wide /proprietary fund/Fiduciary fund：（Assets+Deferred outflows of resources）-（Liabilities+Deferred inflows of resources）=Net Position
Types of transactions classified as deferred outflows of resources and deferred inflows of resources（4 types）
A.Service Concession Arrangements（SCA）政府资产的发包经营
Upfront or installment payments are displayed as an asset at their present value along with a deferred inflow of resources
Deferred inflows should be recognized in a systematic and rational manner
SCA的会计处理
Show the managed facility as a capital asset
Displays a liability for significant contractual obligation
Upfront or installment payments are displayed as an asset at their present value along with a deferred inflow of resources
Deferred inflows should be recognized in a systematic and rational manner
B.Derivative instruments and hedge accounting
Derivatives are reported at fair value
Changes in value of derivatives used as investments are displayed within the investment revenue classification
Changes in value of derivatives used for hedging activities are reported as either deferred outflows or deferred inflows of resources.
C.Other deferred outflows / inflows of resources（GASB 65）
Imposed Nonexchange revenue transactions
Refunding of Debt
Sales and intra-entity transfers of future revenue
Sale and leaseback
Assets associated with unavailable revenue
Others
D.Accounting and financial reporting for pensions
Pension liability change is caused by pension cost（SIR AGE）
“SIR” expensed
“AGE”，deferred outflows and deferred inflows
FAR F8-4 Governmental Funds
“DRIP CEG，PIPpA”
The general fund is created at the beginning of the governmental unit，and it exists throughout the life of that unit.
The general fund accounts for the general activities of a government that are not accounted for by any other fund.
Revenue sources=Taxes+Fees & Fines+intergovernmental+Charges for services+Other revenues.
Expenditure types=General government+Public safety+Culture and recreation
Adopt modified accrual and budgetary accounting
General fund unique accounting issues
Modified accrual and budgetary accounting
Only one general fund
Must be major fund
Only exist current asset & current liability
No fixed assets & no Long-term debt
F/S–Required Supplementary Information （RSI）–Budgetary Comparison Schedule
“DRIP CEG，PIPpA”
Special revenue funds account for revenues and expenditures that are legally restricted or committed for specific purposes other than debt service or capital projects.
E.g.Special fees（to operate school programs）中国的教育附加费
Revenue sources=Intergovernmental revenue+Fees
Expenditure types=character expenditures（特定目的支出）+Functional expenditures（功能性支出）
Special revenue fund unique accounting issues
Expendable trust activity should be accounted for in a special revenue fund.
Expendable trust activities represent funding whose principal and income may be expended in the course of their designated operations so that they are depleted by the end of their designated lives.
Special revenue fund unique accounting issues
When a grant is received and the recipient government monitoring it，it is special revenue fund.
When a grant is received and the recipient government not-monitoring it，it is agency trust fund.
“DRIP CEG，PIPpA”
The debt service fund is created to account for the accumulation of resources and the payment of currently due interest and principal on “long-term general obligation debt” by setting aside cash and cash equivalents.
The debt service fund ONLY pays off the debt of governmental funds.
The debt service fund‘s resources for new debt are frequently derived from allocated portions of property taxes，transfers from other funds，and investment interest
Expenditure=Legally due interest+legally due principle
Principal and interest expenditures should be recorded when they are legally payable per the bond agreement.
There is no accrual of interest expenditures or interest payable.
No allocation between interest and principal；both are expenditures
There is no amortization of a premium or a discount.
Premiums and discounts are treated as a component of bond proceeds.
Debt service fund are required only when legally mandated.
The operations of debt service fund are similar to a commercial accounting“sinking fund”
“DRIP CEG，PIPpA”
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