美国CPA《财务会计与报告》知识点：公允价值计量

　　正保会计网校特别为美国cpa学员整理了美国cpa考试《财务会计与报告》的内容，以备迎接美国CPA考试，祝您在网校学习愉快！

　　Fair Value Measurement

　　Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset OR paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants in the principal （or most advantageous） market at the measurement date under current market conditions.

　　In GAAP，FV is exit price.In IFRS，FV is entry or exit price.

　　The principal market is the market with the greatest volume or level of activity for the asset or liability.

　　If the principal market do not exist，then use the most advantageous market.

　　The most advantageous market is the market with the best price for the asset or liability，after considering transaction costs.

　　Both FV of principal market and most advantageous market，do NOT deduct transaction cost.（F10-4 Illustration）

　　公允价值退出值，从来不扣中介费。

　　多个市场选主场，若无主场选至优。

　　优选标准净到手，必须扣除中介费。

　　一旦确定主优场，中介费用不再扣。

　　FV valuation techniques

　　Market Approach uses prices and other relevant information from market transactions involving identical or comparable assets or liabilities to measure fair value.

　　FV valuation techniques

　　Income approach use the present value of future cash flows.

　　Cost approach uses current replacement cost to measure the fair value of assets.

　　Criteria for choosing valuation techniques are maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs.

　　A change in valuation technique is a change in accounting estimation，which is accounted for prospective adjustment.

　　Hierarchy of inputs

　　From Level 1 to 3，from observable to unobservable，from favorable to unfavorable.

　　Level 1 inputs are quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the reporting entity has access to on the measurement date.

　　Level 2 inputs are inputs other than quoted market price（level 1）that are directly or indirectly observable for the asset or liability. E.g. Quoted price for similar assets in active market.Or Quoted prices for identical or similar assets in non-active market.

　　Level 3 inputs are unobservable inputs for the asset or liability. It reflect management‘s assumptions.

　　网校2014美国cpa辅导热招：

　　正保会计网校2014年美国CPA考试辅导全面招生！网校2014年美国注册会计师（U.S.CPA）考试辅导在总结往年成功教学经验的基础上，从学员实际需求出发，结合中国考生学习特点，融入先进的教学理念与创新的教学方式，针对不同学员的学习需求，全新推出高端特训班、网络远程班、自学课程班三种个性化辅导班次。（查看详情>>）

　　网校美国CPA课程使用全球美国CPA考试通过率至高的Becker CPA Review教材，配合网校专业的课程体系、特色的双语教学模式、灵活多样的学习方式、全方位一站式配套服务，定能为您顺利通过考试助一臂之力。机会难得，欲报从速！