2012年度全国职称英语等级考试理工类(C级)试题
第1部分：词汇选项(第l-15题，每题l分，共15分)
下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语画有底横线。请为每处画线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。
1 We had trouble finding a pure water supply．
A typical B complete C clear D clean
2 Keep your passport in a secure place．
A safe B special C good D different
3 Many forms of cancer can be cured if detected early．
A selected B operated C discovered D developed
4 0n the table was a vase filled with artificial flowers．
A wild B false C fresh D lovely
5 The story was published with the sole purpose of selling newspapers．
A only B reaI C main D practical
6 I’d Iike to withdraw ￡500 from my current account．
A leave B pay C put D draw
7 He kept in constant contact with his family while he was in Australia．
A gradual B direct C regular D occasional
8 She only needs a minute amount of money．
A small B certain C fair D full
9 “What do you mean by that?”Paul asked sharply．
A helplessly B politely C quickly D critically
10 Did she accept his research proposal?
A invitation B plan C offer D view
11 The city centre was wiped out by the bomb．
A covered B reduced C destroyed D moved
12 The contempt he felt for his fellow students was obvious．
A need B love C hate D pity
13 A large crowd assembled outside the American embassy．
A watched B shouted C walked D gathered
14 He inspired many young people to take up the sport．
A allowed B encouraged C called D advised
15 The storm caused severe damage．
A serious B physical C accidental D environmental
第2部分：阅读判断 (第16～22题，每题l分，共7分)
下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子作出判断：如果该旬提供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该旬的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。
Eastern Quakes Can Trigger Big Shakes
In the first week of November 2011, people in central Oklahoma experienced more than two dozen earthquakes. The largest, a magnitude 5.6 quake, shook thousands of fans in a college football stadium, caused cracks in a few buildings and rattled the nerves of many people who had never felt a quake before. Oklahoma is not an area of the country famous for its quakes. If you watch the news on TV, you see reports about all sorts of natural disasters —hurricanes, tornadoes, flooding and wildfires, to name a few. But the most dangerous type of natural disaster, and also the most unpredictable, is the earthquake.
Researchers at the U.S. Geological Survey estimate that several million earthquakes rattle the globe each year. That may sound scary, but people don’t feel many of the tremors because they happen in remote and unpopulated regions. Many quakes happen under the ocean, and others have a very small magnitude, or shaking intensity.
A magnitude 5.8 earthquake that struck central Virginia the afternoon of August 23, 2011, was felt from central Georgia to southeastern Canada. In many urban areas, including Washington, D.C., and New York City (Wall Street shown), people crowded the streets while engineers inspected buildings. Credit: Wikimedia/Alex Tabak
Scientists know about small, remote quakes only because of very sensitive electronic devices called seismometers. These devices detect and measure the size of ground vibrations produced by earthquakes. Altogether, USGS researchers use seismometers to identify and locate about 20,000 earthquakes each year.
Although earthquakes can happen anywhere in the world, really big quakes occur only in certain areas. The largest ones register a magnitude 8 or higher and happen, on average, only once each year. Such big ones typically occur along the edges of Earth’s tectonic plates.
Tectonic plates are huge pieces of Earth’s crust, sometimes many kilometers thick. These plates cover our planet’s surface like a jigsaw puzzle. Often, jagged edges of these plates temporarily lock together. When plates jostle and scrape past each other earthquakes occur. On average, tectonic plates move very slowly — about the same speed as your fingernails grow.
But sometimes earthquakes rumble through portions of the landscape far from a plate’s edges. Although less expected, these “mid-plate” tremors can do substantial damage. Some of the biggest known examples rattled the eastern half of the United States two centuries ago. Today, scientists are still puzzling over why the quakes occurred and when similar ones might occur.
16. Oklahoma is an area often experiencing natural disasters.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
17. The earthquake is the most unpredictable natural disaster.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
18. Few earthquakes happen without people's awareness.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
19. Seismometers can identify and locate most of the earthquakes in China.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
20. Big earthquakes of a magnitude 8 or higher seldom happen far from the edges of tectonic plates.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
21. Whenever tectonic plates move, earthquakes happen.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
22. The earthquake that hit the eastern half of the United States two centuries ago is the biggest "mid-plate" one in history.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
第三部分：概括大意和完成句子 (第23~30题，每题1分，共8分)
下面的短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第23~26题要求从所给的6个选项中为指定段落每段选择1个小标题;(2)第27~30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。
Learn about Light
1 Ancient civilizations were amazed by the existence of light for thousands of years. The Greek philosophers believed that light was made up of countless, tiny particles that enter the human eye and create what we call vision. However, Empedocles and a Dutch scientist named Christian Huygens believed that light was like a wave. According to them, light spread out and travelled like a straight line. This theory was accepted during the 19th century.
2 ln 1905, Albert Einstein published a research paper in which he explained what is referred to as the photoelectric effect. This theory explains that particles make up light. The particles Einstein was referring to are weightless bundles(束)of electromagnetic(电磁)energy called photons(光子). Today, scientists agree that light has a dual(二重) nature — it is part particle and part wave. It is a form of energy that allows us to see things around us.
3 Things that give off light are known as sources of light. During the day, the primary source of light is the sun. Other sources of light include stars, flames, flashlights, street lamps and glowing gases in glass tube.
4 When we draw the way light travels we always use straight lines. This is because normally light rays travel in a straight line. However, there are some instances that can change the path and even the nature of light. They are reflection, absorption, interference (干扰), etc.
5 Physicists have attempted to measure the speed of light since the early times. In 1849, Hippolyte Fizeau conducted an experiment by directing a beam of light to a mirror located kilometers away and placed a rotating cogwheel(旋转齿轮)between the beam and the mirror. From the rate of rotation of the wheel, number of wheel’s teeth and distance of the mirror, he was able to calculate that the speed of light is 313 million meters per second. In a vacuum(真空),however, the speed of light is 299,792,458 meters per second. This is about a million times faster than the speed of an airplane.
23. Paragraph 2 ___A___
24. Paragraph 3 ___B___
25. Paragraph 4 ___D___
26. Paragraph 5 ___C___
A. How is the nature of light explained today?
B. What are sources of light?
C. How did physicists measure the speed of light?
D. How does light travel?
E. How did people think of light years ago?
F. What causes a shadow?
27. Objects are visible to the human eye as light is __D____
28. Stars, flames, flashlights are some examples of ___A___
29. Some instances such as reflection and absorption can change ___C___
30. Hippolyte Fizeau conducted an experiment to measure ___E___
A. sources of light
B. the speed of light
C. the path of light
D. a straight line
E. a beam of light
F. a form of energy
第四部分：阅读理解 (第31~45题，每题3分，共45分)
下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项。
第一篇 Graphene's Superstrength
Big technology comes in tiny packages. New cell phones and personal computers get smaller every year, which means these electronics require even smaller components on the inside. Engineers are looking for creative ways to build these components, and they've turned their eyes to graphene, a superthin material, made of carbon, that could change the future of electronics.
This year's Nobel Prize for Physics has been awarded to Andre Geim and Kostya Novoselov from the University of Manchester, UK. for the discovery of graphene. Graphene isn't just small, it's "the thinnest possible material in this world." says Novoselov. He calls it a "wonder material." It's so thin that you would need to stack about 25,000 sheets just to make a pile as thick as a piece of ordinary white paper. If you were to hold a sheet of graphene in your fingers, you'd have no idea because you wouldn't be able to see it.
Carbon is one of the most abundant elements in the universe. Every known kind of life contains carbon. Graphene is a sheet of carbon, but only one atom thick. You don't have to look far to find graphene—it's all around you.
If you want this high-tech wonderstuff, all you need is a pencil, paper and a little adhesive tape. Use the pencil to shade a small area on the paper, and then apply a small piece of adhesive tape over the area. When you pull up the tape, you'11 see that it pulls up a thin layer of some of the shading from your pencil. That layer is called graphite, one of the softest minerals in the world.
Now stick the same piece of tape on another sheet of paper and pull the tape up---there should be an even thinner layer, this time left on the paper. Now imagine that you do this over and over, until you get the thinnest possible layer of material on the paper. This layer would be only one atom thick, and you wouldn't be able to see it. Graphite is made of layers of graphene. So when you get to the thinnest possible layer, you've found graphene.
31. What would change the future of electronics according to engineers?
A. Personal computer.
B. Big technology.
C. Creative ways.
D. Graphene.
32. Which of the following statements about graphene is true?
A. It is visible to the human eye.
B. It can be used to make paper.
C. Finding it demands time and money.
D. It is possibly the thinnest material in the world.
33. The word “apply” in paragraph 4 could be used to replaced by ?
A. push.
B. put.
C. find.
D. collect.
34. What does the writer tell in the last two paragraph ?
A. Significance of the discovery of graphene.
B. Development of high-tech wonders.
C. An easy way to find graphene.
D. Possible applications of graphene.
35. Graphene's super strength lies in the fact that.
A. It can help to make electronic components smaller.
B. It is the thinnest layer of material on the paper.
C. It consists of graphite, one of the softest materials in the world.
D. It helps engineers to produce more sensitive electronic products.
第二篇 Archive Gallery: The Best of Bionics (仿生学)
Humans might be the most highly-evolved species on the planet, but most animals possess skills we can only dream of having. Imagine how much electricity we could save if we could see in the dark the way cats do. Imagine leaping from tree to tree like a monkey. Giraffes(长颈鹿), which are otherwise calm and good-natured, sleep only 4.6 hours a day.
We realized a long, long time ago that nature provides the best blueprint(蓝图) for invention. We've borrowed canals from beavers(河狸) and reflectors from cat's eyes. Although the words "bionics" became popular only after the 1960s, history shows that nature has always provided ideas on solving everyday problems. Our archives(档案) don't go back to the time of Leonardo da Vinci and his bird-like flying machines, but we can take you to the late 19th century, where we applied those same principles for building our first practical airplanes.
To prepare for their flight at Kitty Hawk, the Wright brothers studied the movements of pigeons to figure out how they stayed high up when they were heavier than air. Their success inspired scores of successors to improve on the airplane by studying various aspects of nature. One of Orville Wright's pupils caught and stuffed seagulls to examine their wingspan. Meanwhile, two French inventors examined spinning sycamore (梧桐) seeds in an effort to apply those same motions, reversed, to a helicopter.
Some examples are more obvious than others. The outside of the airplane designed by the Wright brothers looks like a minimalistic(简单抽象艺术) structure. On the other hand, Barney Connett's fish submarine(潜水艇) actually looks like a fish.
Some bio-inspired concepts have yet to be invented. In the 1960s, the US Army commissioned several university professors to conduct research on the motor skills of animals in hope of applying those same abilities to tanks. Tanks that run like horses or jump like grasshoppers(蚂蚱)- sounds shocking, doesn't it? But imagine how life would change if we could achieve that.
36. "Cats", "monkeys" and 'giraffes" mentioned in paragraph 1 are examples to illustrate
A. animals have skills that humans do not possess.
B. they are highly-evolved species as humans.
C. humans can learn animals' skills.
D. they are skillful in different ways.
37. Which of the following can be found in the archive gallery?
A. History books.
B. The Wright brothers' sculpture.
C. Leonardo da Vinci's bird-like flying machines.
D. First practical airplanes built in the late 19th century.
38. What happened after the Wright brothers' success?
A. People carried out a systematic study on pigeons.
B. People could fly their airplane for fun.
C. People studied more animals and plants to develop the airplane.
D. People kept their airplane at a French gallery.
39. Which of the following is true about the research carried out by the US Army?
A. It has changed our life.
B. It has not succeeded yet.
C. It has cost a large sum of money.
D. It has improved the abilities of tanks.
40. What does the writer want to tell in the passage?
A. Some animals possess unique skills.
B. Many inventions get ideas from nature.
C. People should protect nature.
D. Bionics is far from perfect.
第三篇 Puerto Rican Cuisine(菜肴)
Puerto Rico, a Caribbean (加勒比海区) island rich in history and remarkable natural beauty, has a cuisine all its own. Immigration(移民) to the island has helped to shape its cuisine, with people from all over the world making various contributions to it. However, before the arrival of these immigrants, the Taino people lived on the island of Puerto Rico. Taino cuisine included such foods as rodents (啮齿动物), fresh shellfish and fish fried in corn oil.
Many aspects of Taino cuisine continue today in Puerto Rican cooking, but it has been heavily influenced by the Spanish, who invaded Puerto Rico in 1508, and Africans, who were initially brought to Puerto Rico to work as slaves. Taino cooking styles were mixed with ideas brought by the Spanish and Africans to create new dishes. The Spanish extended food choices by bringing cattle, pigs, goats, and sheep to the island. Africans also added to the island's food culture by introducing powerful, contrasting tastes in dishes. In fact, much of the food Puerto Rico is now famous for - coffee, coconuts, and oranges - was actually imported by foreigners to the island.
A common assumption many people make about Puerto Rican food is that it is very spicy(辛辣的). It's true that chili peppers are popular; aij caballero in particular is a very hot chili pepper that Puerto Ricans enjoy. However, milder(微辣的) tastes are popular too, such as sofrito. As the base of many Puerto Rican dishes, sofrito is a sauce made from chopped onions, green bell peppers, sweet chili peppers, and a handful of other spices. It is fried in oil and then added to other dishes.
41、who lived in Puerto Rico first
A. the Taino people
B. the Africans
C. the Spanish
D. the Americans
42、In the first paragraph the word “it” refers to
A. immigration
B. Puerto Rican cuisine
C. Caribbean history
D. the island’s natural beauty
43、what is the main idea of the second paragraph?
A. Taino dishes are important in Puerto Rican cooking
B. Puerto Rican cooking has many outside influences
C. Food imported by foreigners isn’t really Puerto Rican
D. African foods have probably had the most influence
44、How is sofrito used?
A. It is eaten before meals
B. It is added to other dishes
C. It is used where foods are too spicy
D. It is eaten as a main dish
45、which of the following is NOT true?
A. Many people think Puerto Rican food is spicy
B. Puerto Rican cuisine uses a lot of chili peppers
C. softito is a type of extremely spicy food
D. Aij caballero is a type of chile pepper
第5部分：补全短文(第46~50题，每题2分，共10分)
下面的短文有5处空白，短文后有6个句子，其中5个取自短文，请根据短文内容将其分别放回原有位置，以恢复文章面貌。
Forests for Cities
You are standing in a beautiful forest in Japan. The air is clean and smells like plants and flowers. There are 175 different kinds of trees, and 60 kinds of birds live here. ___C____ (46) You are downtown in the city of Nara, Japan, in Kasugayama Forest, the oldest urban forest in the world. It was started more than a thousand years ago, and today it's very popular with tourists and artists.
Cities around the world are working to protect their urban forests. Some urban forests are parks, and some are just streets with a lot of trees. But all urban forests have many good effects on the environment. ____D___ (47) They also stop the noise from heavy traffic. They even make the weather better because they make the air 3-5 degrees cooler, and they stop strong winds.
Urban forests also have many good effects on people. They make the city more beautiful. In a crowded area, they give people a place to relax and spend time in nature. ___B__(48)
In some countries, people are starting new urban forests. In England, there are now 1.3 million trees in an urban forest called Thames Chase, east of London. It was started in 1990, and it has grown very fast. Walking and bicycle clubs use the forest, and there are programs for children and artists. __E__ (49)
Some older cities don't have space for a big urban forest, but planting trees on the streets makes the city better. Scientists found that commuters (通勤人员) feel more relaxed when they can see trees. Trees are even good for business. ___A____ (50) In the future, urban forests will become even more important as our cities grow bigger. In the megacities(超大城市) of tomorrow, people will need more green space to live a comfortable life. Planting trees today will make our lives better in the future.
A. Trees take pollution out of the air
B. In 2033，it will have 5 million trees
C. But you are not in rural area
D. It has many kinds of birds in the country
E. In hot countries，urban forests are cool places for walking and other healthy exercises
F. People spend more time at shopping centers that have trees
第6部分：完形填空 (第52~65题，每题1分，共15分)
下面的短文有15处空白，请根据短文内容为每处空白确定1个最佳选项。
Germs(细菌) on Banknotes
People in different countries use different types of money: yuan in China, pesos in Mexico, pounds in the United Kingdom, dollars in the United States, Australia and New Zealand. They may use different currencies, but these countries, and probably all countries, still have one thing in ______ (51): Germs on the banknotes.
Scientists have been studying the germs on money for well over。100 years. At the turn of the 20th ______ (52), some researchers began to suspect that germs living on money could spread disease.
Most studies of germy money have looked at the germs on the currency ______ (53) one country. In a new study, Frank Vriesekoop and other researchers compared the germ populations found on bills of different ______ (54).
Vriesekoop is a microbiologist at the University of Ballarat in Australia. He led the study, which compared the germ populations found on money ______ (55) from 10 nations. The scientists studied l,280 banknotes in total; all came from places where people buy food, like supermarkets, street vendors and cafes, ______ (56) those businesses often rely on cash.
Overall, the Australian dollars hosted the fewest live bacteria---no more than 10 per square centimeter. Chinese yuan had the ______(57) ---about 100 per square centimeter. Most of the germs on money probably would not cause harm.
What we call "paper money" ______ (58) isn’t made from paper. The U.S. dollar, for example, is printed on fabric that is mostly cotton. Different countries may use different ______ (59) to print their money. Some of the currencies studied by Vriesekoop and his team, such as the American dollar, were made from cotton. Others were made from polymers.
The three ______ (60) with the lowest numbers of bacteria were all printed on polymers. They included the Australian dollar, the New Zealand dollar and some Mexican pesos.
The ______ (61) (变化)currencies were printed on fabric made mostly of cotton. Fewer germs lived on the polymer notes. This ______ (62) suggests that germs have a harder time staying alive on polymer surfaces. Scientists need to do more studies to understand ______ (63) germs live on money---and whether or not we need to be concerned. Vriesekoop is now starting a study that will ______ (64) the amounts of time bacteria can stay alive on different types of bills.
Whatever Vriesekoop finds, the fact remains：Paper money ______ (65) germs. We should wash our hands after touching it; After all, you never know where your money's been. Or what's living on it.
51. A. doubt B. danger C. common D. advance
52. A. century B. period C. year D. decade
53. A. within B. with C. under D. outside
54. A. areas B. regions C. provinces D. countries
55. A. borrowed B. delivered C. gathered D. designed
56. A. though B. because C. so D. when
57. A. smallest B. least C. most D. latest
58. A. similarly B. usually C. hardly D. slightly
59. A. formats B. colors C. languages D. materials
60. A. currencies B. cheques C. tickets D. notebooks
61. A. some B. other C. another D. others
62. A. connection B. participation C. expression D. estimation
63. A. if B. where C. when D. how
64. A. complete B. cancel C. command D. compare
65. A. avoids B. kills C. carries D. selects
