正保会计网校

2012职称英语考前每日一练[卫生C级-2月16日]

2012-02-16 09:22  来源:正保会计网校

  阅读下面这篇短文,短文后列出了7个句子,请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断。如果该句提供的是正确信息,请选A;如果该句的是错误信息,请选B;如果该句的信息文章中没有提及,请选C.

Cancer Drug Trials Often Halted Early

  An increasing number of clinical trials for new cancer treatments are being halted before the risks and benefits have been fully evaluated, say Italian researchers, who warn that this growing trend could put patients at risk of harm from new therapies rushed into use.

  The researchers looked at 25 randomized, controlled clinical trials that were stopped early because the treatments had started to show benefit to patients.

  "When we analyzed 25 trials over a 10-year period between 1997 and 2007, we found a consistent increase in prematurely stopped trials - more than 50 percent were stopped within the last three years," study co-author Giovanni Apolone said at a news conference Tuesday.

  Of 14 trials halted early and published between 2005 and 2007, the researchers found that 11 (79 percent) of them were used to support drug approval applications submitted to the European Medicines Agency and the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.

  "This suggests a strong commercial component in stopping trials prematurely. In fact, this strategy could guarantee quicker access to the market for companies. On the other hand, a quicker clinical drug development may lead to an 'immature' benefit/risk balance of new drugs," Apolone said.

  He and his colleagues "are aware that trials stopped early because they are showing benefit may result in identification of promising new treatments for patients. However, findings obtained following this strategy should be considered to be preliminary results that require subsequent confirmation."

  It can take several years for the long-term benefits or harmful side effects of a new treatment to become apparent, Apolone noted, but the average duration (持续时间) of the 25 studies he and his colleagues analyzed was 30 months, with a range from 12 to 64 months.

  They also found that at the time five of the studies were stopped, they'd enrolled less than 40 percent of the total number of patients planned for final analysis.

  "Clinical trials need to stop early for superior benefit whenever there's proof beyond reasonable doubt that the new treatment really is superior. That would be an ethical obligation," Stuart Pocock, a professor of medical statistics at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine in the United Kingdom, said at the news conference. "However, too many trials are stopped early claiming efficacy (功效) without strong evidence being available."

  1 The number of prematurely stopped clinical trials has increased recently

  A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned

  2 The trials were stopped early because the treatments proved to be of no value

  A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned

  3 The 25 trials involved roughly the same number of participants

  A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned

  4 Some of the trials were probably stopped early for commercial reasons.

  A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned

  5 Participants in the trials were happy when they were stopped early

  A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned

  6 Some of the trials were too short to show their long-term effects

  A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned

  7 Stuart Pocock believed that in no case should clinical trials stop early

  A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned

点击查看原帖及答案>>

  • ·企业涉税风险管控专题
  • ·企业税收筹划谋略100篇
  • ·全盘税务精品实操班(含税一、税二)
  • ·手把手教你做中小企业财务主管
  • ·做好税务会计的必备技能
  • ·减税降费新政下账务、抵扣、发票、合同、筹划实务
  • ·新个税法下年终奖如何筹划
  • ·企业车辆费用涉税风险及筹划
  • ·新政下合伙企业涉税及社保问题处理
  • ·2019新个税工资表及年终奖筹划实务
  • ·企业如何巧做日常经营中的税收安排
  • ·企业税负控制与税收筹划
  • ·视同销售的税务处理
  • 复制链接,粘贴给您的好友

    复制链接,在微信、QQ等聊天窗口即可将此信息分享给朋友
    取消 复制链接
    2017年职称英语网上辅导火爆热招
    首页
    301 Moved Permanently

    301 Moved Permanently


    nginx
      正文

    相关资讯

    返回顶部