同时按下Crtl键和A键查看答案和解析 第一部分： CCADB / DDCBB / CBABB
第二部分：BACBABA
第三部分： FDEB / BADF
第四部分： ACDAB / DBBAB / CABCA
第五部分： DAFEC
第六部分： CDBAC / ACBCA / DBDDB
全国专业技术人员职称英语等级考试
理工类A级模拟题
第1部分：词汇选项（第1～15题，每题1分，共15分）
下面共有15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语有底横线，请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与划线部分意义最相近的词或短语。答案一律涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
1. It was hard to say why the man deserved such shabby treatment.
A) unforgettable
B) unbelievable
C) unfair
D) unthinkable
2. The curious look from the strangers around her made her feel uneasy.
A) difficult B) worried
C) anxious D) unhappy
3. It is said that the houses along this street will soon be demolished.
A) pulled down
B) rebuilt
C) renovated
D) whitewashed
4. The advertising company was surprised by the adverse public reaction to the poster.
A) delayed
B) quick
C) positive
D) unfavorable
5. He began his talk by giving a concise definition of post-modernism.
A) long and detailed
B) short and clear
C) comprehensive
D) professional
6. The staff of the company are always courteous and helpful.
A) efficient
B) respectable
C) well-informed
C) respectful
7. The new job will provide you with invaluable experience.
A) simply useless
B) really practical
B) very little
D) extremely useful
8. The whole idea to build a deluxe hotel here sounds insane to me.
A) reasonable
B) sensible
C) crazy
D) unbelievable
9. In his two-hour-long lecture he made an exhaustive analysis of the issue.
A) extremely thorough
B) long and boring
C) superficial
D) unconvincing
*10. We all think that the new device he has proposed is ingenious.
A) effective
B) clever
C) implausible
D) original
+11. Reading the job ad, he wondered whether he was eligible to apply for it.
A) competitive
B) diligent
C) qualified
D) competent
+12 He impressed all his colleagues as a vigorous man in the prime of his career.
A) hot-tempered
B) healthy
C) friendly
D) patient
13. Not all member States abided by the principle they had agreed on previously.
A) adhered to
B) abandoned
C) applied
D) adopted
14. Examination papers of the class were marked without bias.
A) immediately
B) correctly
C) fairly
D) carefully
15. The construction of the railway is said to have been terminated.
A) resumed
B) put an end to
C) suspended
D) re-scheduled
第2部分：阅读判断（第16～22题，每题1分，共7分）
阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断。如果该句提供的是正确信息，请在答题卡上把A涂黑；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请在答题卡上把B涂黑；如果该句的信息文章中没有提及，请在答题卡上把Ｃ涂黑。
Pain is something that everyone experiences at some time, to a greater or lesser degree.
Chronic or long-term pain, however, is in a category （种类，范畴）of its own. This is the kind of pain that dominates and pervades (蔓延，渗透) the life of the sufferer. Relentless (持续的), grinding, exhausting pain, from which there is no escaper (无法逃避的).
Most individuals who experience this kind of pain are paraplegics (截瘫患者) and tetraplegics (四肢麻痹患者). These people, despite their disabilities, would often be capable of leading fulfilled and happy lives were it not for the fact that they suffer this terrible and debilitating (使衰弱) pain on an almost continuous basis.
To date (到目前为止), treatment has been mainly in the form of heavy drug therapy, which produces unpleasant side effects.
But there has been a breakthrough in pain control. A new devices, SPES ( Sub Perception electro Stimulation ) (不知觉电刺激)，should radically improve quality of life for many chronic pain sufferers.
Professor Ifor Capel, scientist and inventor, has conducted clinical trials of SPES on chronic pain sufferers with extremely encouraging results.
SPES works by transmitting electrical signals controlled by microprocessors, in particular patterns across the brain, using tiny electrodes (电板) attached to the patient's earlobes.
These signals stimulate chemical messages from the hypothalamus (下丘脑), the area of the brain which controls our bodily functions.
As a result, a hormonal release is triggered, which alters the perception of pain. " The pain is till there", says Professor Capel. " but SPES helps you live with it. We are using the body's natural ability to cope with pain."
The treatment is painless and convenient, lasting for about an hour a day. The equipment is portable, so the person using it can move around comfortably.
Other benefits are that it is non-addictive (不成瘾的)and the patient does not build up a tolerance (忍受)to SPES. It can be used at home without medical supervision.
SPES should not, however, be used by pregnant women, epileptics (癫痫患者),people who have pacemakers fitted ( 装上起博器)and those who are taking certain prescribed drugs.
16. It is reported that only a part of people experience pain in their life.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned.
17. paraplegics and tetraplegics are people who most easily experience relentless and exhausting pain.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned.
18. To illustrate how SPES works, scientists performed an experiment on an animal.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned.
19. Professor Ifor Caple has conducted a series of clinical trials of SPES on acute pain sufferers.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned.
20. Hypothalamus is the area of the brain which controls our bodily functions.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned.
21. When a hormonal release is triggered, it will reduce the production of pain.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned.
22. The new device, SPES, will be used widely both in hospital and at home.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned.
第3部分：概括大意与完成句子（第23～30题，每题1分，共8分）
阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有2项测试任务：（1）第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2～5段每段选择1个正确的小标题；（2）第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
1. The atmosphere is a mixture of several gases. There are about ten chemical elements which remain permanently in gaseous form in the atmosphere under all natural conditions. Of these permanent gases, oxygen makes up about 21 percent and nitrogen about 78 percent. Several other gases, such as argon, carbon dioxide, hydrogen, neon, krypton and xenon, comprises the remaining one percent of the volume of the dry air. The amount of water vapor and its variations in amount and distribution is of extraordinary importance in weather changes. Atmospheric gases hold in suspension great quantities of dust, pollen, smoke and other impurities which are always present n considerable, but variable amounts.
2. The atmosphere has no definite upper limits but gradually thins until it becomes imperceptible. Until recently it was assumed that the air above the first few miles gradually grew thinner and colder at a constant rate. It was also assumed that upper air had little influence on weather changes. Recent studies of the upper atmosphere, currently being conducted by earth satellites and missile probing, have shown these assumptions to be incorrect. The atmosphere has three well-defined strata.
3. The layer of the air next to the earth, which extends upward for about ten miles, is known as the troposphere. On the whole, it makes up about 75 percent of all the weight of the atmosphere, because most of the solar radiation is absorbed by the earth's surface which warms the air immediately surrounding it. A steady decrease of temperature with the increasing elevation is a most striking characteristic. The upper layers are colder because of their greater distance from the earth's surface and rapid radiation of heat into space. The temperatures within the troposphere decrease about 3.5 degrees per 1000 feet increase in altitude. Within the troposphere, winds and air currents distribute heat and moisture. Strong winds, called jet streams are located at the upper levels of the troposphere. These jet streams are both complex and widespread in occurrence. They normally show a wave shaped pattern and move from west to east at velocities of 150mph, but velocities as 400mph have been noted. The influences of changing locations and strengths of jet streams upon weather conditions and patterns are no doubt considerable. Current intensive research may eventually reveal their true significance.
4. Above the troposphere to a height of about 50 miles is a zone called the stratosphere. The stratosphere is separated from the troposphere by a zone of uniform temperatures called the tropopause. Within the lower portions of the stratosphere is a layer of ozone gases which filter out most of the ultraviolet rays from the sun. the ozone layer varies with air pressure. If this zone were not there, the full blast of the sun's ultraviolet light would burn our skins, blind our eyes and eventually result in our destruction. Within the stratosphere, the temperature and atmospheric composition are relatively uniform.
5. The layer upward of about 50 miles is the most fascinating but the least known of the three strata. It is called the ionosphere because it consists of electrically charges particles called ions, thrown from the sun. the northern lights ( aurora borealis ) originate within this highly charged portion of the atmosphere. Its effect upon weather conditions, if any, is as yet unknown.
23. Paragraph 1 _________.
24. Paragraph 2 _________.
25. Paragraph 3 _________
26. Paragraph 4 _________.
27. At the top of Jungfrau, which towers 12000 feet above the town of Interlaken in Switzerland, the temperature is usually _________.
28. Life as we know exists on the earth because the atmosphere ___________.
29. The atmosphere consists of ___________.
30. The troposphere is the warmest part of the atmosphere because it __________.
第4部分：阅读理解（第31～45题，每题3分，共45分）
下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题，每道题后面都有4个选项。请仔细阅读短文并根据短文回答其后面的问题，从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
第一篇
Geologists have been studying volcanoes for a long time. Though they have learned a great deal, they still have not discovered the cause of volcanic action. They know that the inside of the earth is very hot, but they are not sure exactly what causes the great heat. Some geologists have thought that the heat is caused by the great pressure of the earth's outer layers. Or the heat may be left from the time when the earth was formed. During the last sixty years scientists have learned about radium, uranium, thorium and other radioactive elements. These give out heat all the time as they change into other elements. Many scientists now believe that much of the heat inside the earth is produced by radioactive elements.
Whatever the cause of the heat may be, we do know that the earth gets hotter the farther down we dig, in deep mines and oil wells the temperature rises about 1℉ for each 50 feet. At this rate the temperature 40 miles below the earth's surface would be over 4000℉. This is much hotter than necessary to melt rock. However, the pressure of the rock above keeps most materials from melting at their usual melting points. Geologists believe that the rock deep in the earth may be plastic or puttylike, in other words, the rock yields slowly to pressure but is not liquid. But if some change in the earth's crust releases the pressure, the rock melts. Then the hot, liquid rock can move up toward the surface.
When the melted rock works its way close to earth's crust, a volcano may be formed. The melted rock often contains steam and other gases under great pressure. If the rock above gives way, the pressure is released. Then the sudden expansion of the gases causes explosions. These blow the melted rock into pieces of different sizes and shoot them high in the air. Here they cool and harden into volcanic ash and cinders. Some of the material falls around the hole made in the earth's surface. The melted rock may keep on rising and pour out as lava. In this way, volcanic ash, cinders and lava build up the cone-shaped mountains that we call volcanoes.
31. The subject of this passage is the ____________.
A. formation of volcanoes B. results of volcanic action
C. work of geologists D. interior of the earth.
32. The cause for the heat in the interior of the earth is __________.
A. radioactive elements B. the great pressure of the earth
C. not determined D. the heat remaining from the formation of the earth.
33. From the information given in the passage, most minerals would melt fastest ________.
A. at 4000℉, at sea level
B. at 4000℉, 5000 feet below sea level
C. at the exact center of earth at 4000℉,
D. at 4000℉,, 5000 feet above sea level
34. Which of the following statements in NOT true according to the passage?
A. Geologists know that volcano action is caused by radioactive elements.
B. Geologists know that there is higher temperature within the earth.
C. The real causes of the heat inside the earth have not been found.
D. Scientists have made various guesses about the causes of heat inside the earth.
35. The best title for the passage is _____________.
A. The Heat Inside the Earth B. Volcanoes
C. Radioactive Elements D. The Melted Rock
第二篇
Cell Phones Increase Traffic, Pedestrian Fatalities
Cell phones are a danger on the road in more ways than one. Two new studies show that talking on the phone while traveling, whether you're driving or on foot, is increasing both pedestrian deaths and those of drivers and passengers, and recommend crackdowns on cell1 use by both pedestrians and drivers.
The new studies, lead-authored by Rutgers University, Newark, Economics Professor Peter D. Loeb2, relate the impact of cell phones on accident fatalities to the number of cell phones in use, showing that the current increase in deaths resulting from cell phone use follows a period when cell phones actually helped to reduce pedestrian and traffic fatalities. However, this reduction in fatalities disappeared once the numbers of phones in use reached a "critical mass" 3 of 100 million, the study found.
These studies looked at cell phone use and motor vehicle accidents from 1975 through 2002, and factored in4 a number of variables, including vehicle speed, alcohol consumption, seat belt use, and miles driven. The studies found the cell phone-fatality correlation to be true even when including factors such as speed, alcohol consumption, and seat belt use.
Loeb and his co-author determined that, at the current time, cell phone use has a "significant adverse effect on pedestrian safety" and that "cell phones and their usage above a critical thresholds adds to motor vehicle fatalities." In the late 1980s and part of the 1990s, before the numbers of phones exploded, cell phone use actually had a "life-saving effect" in pedestrian and traffic accidents, Loeb notes. "Cell-phone users' were able to quickly call for medical assistance when involved in an accident. This quick medical response actually reduced the number of traffic deaths for a time," Loeb hypothesizes.
However, this was not the case when cells were first used in the mid-1980s, when they caused a "life-taking effect" among pedestrians, drivers and passengers in vehicles. In those early days, when there were fewer than a million phones, fatalities increased, says Loeb, because drivers and pedestrians probably were still adjusting to the novelty of using them, and there weren't enough cell phones in use to make a difference in summoning help following an accident, he explains.
The "life-saving effect" occurred as the volume of phones grew into the early 1990s, and increasing numbers of cells were used to call 911 following accidents, leading to a drop in fatalities, explains Loeb. But this life-saving effect was canceled out6 once the numbers of phones reached a "critical mass" of about 100 million and the "life-taking effect" - increased accidents and fatalities outweighed the benefits of quick access to 911 services, according to Loeb.
Loeb and his co-authors used econometric models to analyze data from a number of government and private studies. He and his co-authors recommend that governments consider more aggressive policies to reduce cell phone use by both drivers and pedestrians, to reduce the number of fatalities.
36. The two new studies, lead-authored by Professor Peter D. Loeb
A show that talking on the phone while driving or walking in the street increases deaths of drivers and pedestrians.
B show that talking on the phone while driving increases pedestrian deaths.
C recommend that strict measures be taken to restrain cell phone use.
D both A and C.
37. According to the second paragraph, when did cell phones actually help to reduce pedestrian and traffic fatalities?
A Right after cell phones were invented.
B Before the number of cell phone users reached a critical mass
C When cell phone users totaled to a certain number.
D When the number of cell phones decreased to a certain number.
38. What is said about cell phone use in paragraph 4?
A The number of cell phones in use exploded in the late 1980s and part of the 1990s.
B The number of traffic deaths was reduced in the late 1980s and part of the 1990s due to cell phone use.
C Cell phone users are likely to be involved in traffic accidents.
D The use of cell phones has a life-saving effect for pedestrians and drivers.
39. What is said about cell phone use in the mid-1980s in paragraph 5?
A It had a life-taking effect because there weren't enough cell phones in use then.
B The increased use of cell phones then caused a "life-taking effect."
C Traffic fatalities increased then because the number of cell phones in use decreased.
D Traffic fatalities decreased then because the number of cell phones in use increased.
40. Which of the following statements DOES NOT answer the question "What caused the "life-saving effect" to occur in the early 1990s?"
A There were more cell phone users during that period.
B The number of cell phone users reached about 100 million.
C More cell phones were used to call 911 when accidents occurred.
D Cell phones enabled people to have quick access to 911 services.
第三篇
Some People Do Not Taste Salt Like Others
Low-salt foods may be harder for some people to like than others，according to a study by a Penn State College of Agricultural Sciencesl food scientist．The research indicates that genetic factors influence some of the difference in the levels of salt we like to eat．
Those conclusions are important because recent，well-publicized efforts to reduce the salt content in food2 have left many people struggling to accept fare食物 that simply does not taste as good to them as it does to others3，pointed out John Hayes，assistant professor of food science，who was lead investigator4 0n the study．
Diets high in salt Can increase the risk of high blood pressure and stroke．That is why public health experts and food companies are working together on ways to help consumers lower salt intake through foods that are enjoyable to eat．This study increases understanding of salt preference and consumption．
The research involved 87 carefully screened participants who sampled salty foods such as soup and chips，on multiple occasions，spread out over weeks5．Test subjects were 45：men and 42 women, reportedly healthy，ranging in age from 20 t0 40 years．The sample was composed of individuals who were not actively modifying their dietary intake and did not smoke cigarettes．They rated the intensity of taste on a commonly used scientific scale，ranging from barely detectable to strongest sensation of any kind．
"Most of us like the taste of salt．However，some individuals eat more salt，both because they like the taste of saltiness more，and also because it is needed to block other unpleasant tastes in food," said Hayes. "Supertasters, people who experience tastes more intensely, consume more salt than nontasters do. Snack foods have saltiness as their primary flavor, and at least for these foods, more is better, so the supertasters seem to like them more."
However, supertasters also need higher levels of salt to block unpleasant bitter tastes in foods such as cheese，Hayes noted．"For example，cheese is a wonderful blend of dairy flavors from fermented milk，but also bitter tastes from ripening that are blocked by salt，" he said．"A supertaster finds low-salt cheese unpleasant because the bitterness is too pronounced．"
Hayes cited research done more than 75 years ago by a chemist named Fox and a geneticist named Blakeslee，showing that individuals differ in their ability to taste certain chemicals．As a result，Hayes explained，we know that a wide range in taste acuity exists，and this variation is as normal as variations in eye and hair color．
"Some people，called supertasters，describe bitter compounds as being extremely bitter，while others，called nontasters，find these same bitter compounds to be tasteless or only weakly bitter．"he said．"Response to bitter compounds is one of many ways to identify biological differences in food preference because supertastin7 is not limited to bitterness．
41．In paragraph 2，John Hayes points out that
A．it is good to health to eat food without salt．
B．many people reject low-salt food completely．
C．many people accept low-salt tasteless food reluctantly
D．food with reduced salt tastes better．
42．The fourth paragraph describes briefly
A．how to select subjects and what to do in the research．
B．how to identify supertasters and nontasters．
C．why to limit the number of subjects to 87 persons．
D．why to select more male subjects than female ones．
43. The article argues that supertasters
A．1ike the taste of saltiness to block sweet tastes in food．
B．1ike snack foods as saltiness is their primary flavor．
C．consume less salt because they don t like intensive tastes．
D．1ike to share salty cheese with nontasters．
44. Which of the following applies to supertasters in terms of bitter taste?
A．They like bitterness in foods as well as saltiness．
B．They like high-salt cheese as it has intense bitter taste．
C．They prefer high-salt cheese．which tastes less bitter．．
D. They prefer high-salt cheese as it is good to health．
45. What message do the last two paragraphs carry?
A．Taste acuity敏锐；尖锐is genetically determined．
B．Taste acuity is developed over time after birth．
C．Taste acuity is related to one's eye and hair color．
D．Taste acuity is still a mysterious subject in science．
第5部分：补全短文（第46～50题，每题2分，共10分）
阅读下面的短文，文章中有5处空白，文章后面有6组文字，请根据文章的内容选择5组文字，将其分别放回文章原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上
_____46____, especially when it involves machines' replicating the arguably unique human capacity for language and thought. ___47___. On the contrary, researchers have tried for decades to produce essay-grading software. But few have claimed the success that Landauer and his colleagues have -- and non has applied such unorthodox assumptions.
Traditionally, computer techniques for analyzing written language relied on grammar and syntax. Since the 1960s, programmers have been designing software that searched for familiar features of good writing, such as sentence length, spelling and the rhetorical signposts of argumentation --- words like " might", " therefore," or " however.". the goal was to get computers to " read" texts with the aid of dictionaries, spell checks and grammar software. Most of these efforts have been disappointing.
___48___. His software completely ignores style, grammar and syntax. In fact, it relies on none of the familiar rules of language at all. It concerns itself solely with the following question: Does the student's essay use words appropriate to the subject matter? To answer this question, Landauer's software performs a series of operation. First, it assembles a customized database of texts on the assigned topic. It measures the spatial relationships among all the words in these texts, noting where each word appears and which other words it is near. The software then performs a similar analysis on the student's essay. Finally, it compares the student's essay with the texts in its database. The theory behind the method is this : _____49_____.
It sounds too complicated ( or too simple) to be any good, but Landauer and his team claim their program can crank out grades as accurately as any professor. Indeed, flushed with the success of their experimental results, the psychologists have formed a company -----------Knowledge Analysis Technologies ---- to market their tool to schools. ___50____.
A Not that such anxieties have kept us from trying to building smart machines.
B. The software will be less effective if an essay has a band-new topic.
C. They have already signed up a professor at Florida State University to test drive the grading machine in his classroom next fall.
D. Few scenarios provoke more hysteria than the one in which machines take over.
E. For any given essay, good content is a function of using certain words in the vicinity of certain other words, and that accomplishment can be expressed numerically.
F. But the technique Landauer, a professor at Colorado came up with, is an altogether different beast.
第6部分：完形填空（第51～65题，每题1分，共15分）
阅读下面的短文，文中有15处空白，每处空白给出了4个选项，请根据短文的内容从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案，涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
Young Adults Who Exercise Get Higher IQ Scores
Young adults who are fit have a higher IQl and are more -5l-to go on to university，reveals a major new study2 carried out at the Sahlgrenska Academy3 and Sahlgrenska University Hospital．
The results were recently published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS)4． The study involved l.2 million Swedish men doing military service who were born between l 950 and l976．The research group analyzed the -52- of both physical and IQ tests the youngsters took fight after they started serving the army．
The study shows a clear link -53-good physical fitness and better results for the IQ test．The strongest links are for -54-thinking and verbal comprehension．But it is only fitness that plays a -55-in the results for the IQ test5，and not strength．"Being fit means that you also have good heart and lung -56-and that your brain gets plenty of -57-，"says Michael Nilsson，professor at the Sahlgrenska Academy and chief physician at the Sahlgrenska University Hospital．"This may be one of the reasons -58-we can see a clear link with fitness，but not with muscular -59-．We are also seeing that there are growth factors that are important．"
By analyzing data for twins，the researchers have been -60-to determine that it is primarily environmental factors and not genes that explain the link between fitness and a -61- IQ．
"We have also shown that those youngsters who -62-their physical fitness between ages of l5 and l8 increase their cognitive performance（认知）," says Mafia Aberg，researcher at the Sahlgrenska Academy and physician at Aby health centre．"This being the case6，physical -63-is a subject that has an important place in schools，and is an absolute must7 if we want to do well in maths and other theoretical subjects."
The researchers have also compared the results from fitness tests -64-national service8 with the socio-economic status of the men later in -65-．Those who were fit at l 8 were more likely to go into higher education，and many secured more qualified jobs．
51．A carefully B secretly C likely D happily
52．A answers B works C scores D results
53．A behind B between C among D without
54．A logical B critical C typical D positive
55．A place B game C role D trick
56．A capacity B disease C shape D treatment
57．A change B hydrogen C oxygen D memory
58．A what B why C how D where
59．A exercise B training C strength D movement
60．A able B clever C lucky D clear
61．A moderate B average C lower D higher
62．A ignore B improve C like D determine
63．A examination B labour C movement D education
64．A before B after C without D during
65．A marriage B life C residence D service
同时按下Crtl键和A键查看答案和解析 第一部分： CCADB / DDCBB / CBABB
第二部分：BACBABA
第三部分： FDEB / BADF
第四部分： ACDAB / DBBAB / CABCA
第五部分： DAFEC
第六部分： CDBAC / ACBCA / DBDDB
